Caesar, Julius; Rome -- History -- Republic, 265-30 B.C.
[Sidenote: August 9, B.C. 48.] Pompey meanwhile had broken up from
Durazzo, and after being joined by Scipio was following leisurely.
There were not wanting persons who warned him that Caesar's legions
might still be dangerous. Both Cicero and Cato had advised him to avoid
a battle, to allow Caesar to wander about Greece till his supplies
failed and his army was worn out by marches. Pompey himself was
inclined to the same opinion. But Pompey was no longer able to act on
his own judgment. The senators who were with him in the camp considered
that in Greece, as in Rome, they were the supreme rulers of the Roman
Empire. All along they had held their sessions and their debates, and
they had voted resolutions which they expected to see complied with.
They had never liked Pompey. If Cicero was right in supposing that
Pompey meant to be another Sylla, the senators had no intention of
allowing it. They had gradually wrested his authority out of his hands,
and reduced him to the condition of an officer of the Senatorial
Directory. These gentlemen, more especially the two late consuls,
Scipio and Lentulus, were persuaded that a single blow would now make
an end of Caesar. His army was but half the size of theirs, without
counting the Asiatic auxiliaries. The men, they were persuaded, were
dispirited by defeat and worn out. So sure were they of victory that
they were impatient of every day which delayed their return to Italy.
They accused Pompey of protracting the war unnecessarily, that he might
have the honor of commanding such distinguished persons as themselves.
They had arranged everything that was to be done. Caesar and his band
of cutthroats were in imagination already despatched. They had
butchered hitherto every one of them who had fallen into their hands,
and the same fate was designed for their political allies. They
proposed to establish a senatorial court after their return to Italy,
in which citizens of all kinds who had not actually fought on the
Senate's side were to be brought up for trial. Those who should be
proved to have been active for Caesar were to be at once killed, and
their estates confiscated. Neutrals were to fare almost as badly, Not
to have assisted the lawful rulers of the State was scarcely better
than to have rebelled against them. They, too, were liable to death or
forfeiture, or both. A third class of offenders was composed of those
who had been within Pompey's lines, but had borne no part in the
fighting. These cold-hearted friends were to be tried and punished
according to the degree of their criminality. Cicero was the person
pointed at in the last division. Cicero's clear judgment had shown him
too clearly what was likely to be the result of a campaign conducted as
he found it on his arrival, and he had spoken his thoughts with
sarcastic freedom. The noble lords came next to a quarrel among
themselves as to how the spoils of Caesar were to be divided. Domitius
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