Caesar, Julius; Rome -- History -- Republic, 265-30 B.C.
Suetonius says that he was rapacious, that he plundered tribes in Spain
who were allies of Rome, that he pillaged shrines and temples in Gaul,
and destroyed cities merely for spoil. He adds a story which Cicero
would not have left untold and uncommented on if he had been so
fortunate as to hear of it: that Caesar when first consul took three
thousand pounds weight of gold out of the Capitol and replaced it with
gilded brass. A similar story is told of the Cid and of other heroes of
fiction. How came Cicero to be ignorant of an act which, if done at
all, was done under his own eyes? When praetor Caesar brought back
money from Spain to the treasury; but he was never charged at the time
with peculation or oppression there. In Gaul the war paid its own
expenses; but what temples were there in Gaul which were worth
spoiling? Of temples, he was, indeed, scrupulously careful. Varro had
taken gold from the Temple of Hercules at Cadiz. Caesar replaced it.
Metellus Scipio had threatened to plunder the Temple of Diana at
Ephesus. Caesar protected it. In Gaul the Druids were his best friends;
therefore he certainly had not outraged religion there; and the quiet
of the province during the civil war is a sufficient answer to the
accusation of gratuitous oppression.
The Gauls paid the expenses of their conquest in the prisoners taken in
battle, who were sold to the slave merchants; and this is the real blot
on Caesar's career. But the blot was not personally upon Caesar, but
upon the age in which he lived. The great Pomponius Atticus himself was
a dealer in human chattels. That prisoners of war should be sold as
slaves was the law of the time, accepted alike by victors and
vanquished; and the crowds of libertini who assisted at Caesar's
funeral proved that he was not regarded as the enemy of these
unfortunates, but as their special friend.
His leniency to the Pompeian faction has already been spoken of
sufficiently. It may have been politic, but it arose also from the
disposition of the man. Cruelty originates in fear, and Caesar was too
indifferent to death to fear anything. So far as his public action was
concerned, he betrayed no passion save hatred of injustice; and he
moved through life calm and irresistible, like a force of nature.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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