Nicæa, Cardinal-Bishop of, _see_ Bessarion Niccolò da Verona, 26 Nicholas III., Pope, 28 Nicholas V., Pope, 31, 68 Oliverotto da Fermo, 202, 213; put to death by Caesar Borgia, 220 Olivieri, Giovanni, 154 Ordelaffi family, lords of Forli, 59 Orsini, the, 50; their feuds, 60; and Charles VIII., 101, 103; strongholds in Rome, 116; active about Rome, 228; return to Rome, 242, 244, 257; protest to the Pope against Caesar, 259, 260, 261 Orsini, Carlo, declared a rebel, 101; captures the Duke of Urbino, 103 Orsini, Giambattista, Cardinal, 41; made camerlengo, 42; arrested by Alexander VI., 221; his palace plundered, 222; death in prison, 225 Orsini, Gian Giordano, declared a rebel, 101, 230 Orsini, Giulio, 174, 257 Orsini, Ludovico, Lord of Bassanello, 69, 77 Orsini, Niccolò, 229 Orsini, Paolo, declared a rebel, 101, 164, 174, 211, 213; takes Urbino, 215 Orsini, Virginio, 50, 84, 85; declared a rebel, 101; made prisoner, 102 Orvieto, 98 Oviedo, Pedro de, 198, 274 Palavicini, Antoniotto Gentile, Cardinal of Sta Anastasia, 96 Panvinio, 69 Papacy, the, 28, 42; secularisation of, 45–6; politics of, 262 Paul II., Pope, 37, 40, 41; his avarice, 45 Pavia, Cardinal of (Francesco Alidosio), 37 Pazzi, conspiracy, 45, 47 Pepoli, the, lords of Bologna, 59 Perugia, Bishop of, _see_ Romolino, Francesco Pesaro, surrenders, 167 Petrarch, 26, 28 Petrucci, Pandolfo, 212; leaves Siena, 228, 251 Philippe le Beau, 285, 287; his death, 288 Philippe le Bel, 58 Piccolomini, the, 51 Piccolomini, Enea Silvio, _see_ Pius II. Piccolomini, Francesco, Cardinal of Siena, elected Pope, 250 Pigna, Ferrarese ambassador, 113 Pinturicchio, Bernardo, 71 Piombino, surrender of, 176, 186 Pius II., Pope (Enea Silvio Piccolomini), his letter to Rodrigo Borgia, 34, 35, 39, 43, 54 Pius III., Pope (Francesco Piccolomini), compels French troops to withdraw from Romagna, 250; death and rumours of poison, 251; favours Caesar, 252; makes Caesar Gonfalonier, 256, 258; his death, 260 Plague of 1503, 235 Polentani, the, lords of Ravenna, 59 Politics, Italian, 166; papal, 262 Pompilio, Paolo, dedicates a work to Caesar, 67, 77 Popes, the character of, 42; temporal sovereigns, 46; their nephews, 46; corruption of, 48 Rationalism in Italy, 63 Renaissance, the Italian, 23–8, 38; illegitimacy during, 42, 54–5, 62; murder during, 65; palaces of, 66; lack of moral sense in, 67; politics and rulers of, 77; warfare during, 91 Requesenz, Caesar’s Majordomo, 285, 299 Riario, the, deprived of their domain, 151 Riario, Girolamo, 44, 140 Riario, Pietro, 41; made cardinal, 43 Riario, Raffaele, Cardinal, 44, 50, 65; returns to Rome, 249 Ribera, Juan de, Captain-General of Spain, 300–1