[350] The tutor probably made his first appearance at King’s Hall; his office was firmly established by the middle of the xvi c. (later Statutes of Clare College, 1551), and marks the epoch when students other than those on the foundation were also firmly established as college inmates. Before the xviii c., however, the official tutor of to-day was not known; any fellow whom the master designated filled the post. In some colleges the tutor is appointed for life; at Trinity for a term of 10 years. [351] Like all other items of headgear the derivatives of the hood acquired ceremonial significance. The removable hood of the xiv c., which was slung over the shoulder or attached to the arm, became the _capuce_ of the dignified clergy, of the doctors in the 3 faculties, rectors of colleges, and others in authority. It is preserved to-day in the _pellegrino_ of the Roman Church. The hood itself appears to have gained this ceremonial importance in the xv c.; and it is in the middle of that century that the hood as head-gear disappears, and is replaced by the various caps and bonnets which were formed from it. [352] The amess was a capuce of fur. [353] Statutes of Peterhouse 1338-1342. The same is prescribed for the junior students of King’s Hall (temp. Richard II.). Precisely the same regulations--for the tonsure and _vestis talaris_--were made for the scholar at the university of Paris. [354] This accorded with the custom at Bologna and at Salamanca (xiv c.)--_una capa scolastica_ ... _foderata sufficienter pellibus pecudis_. At Salamanca each scholar received annually one cappa lined with sheepskin, and one unlined, and a lined hood. [355] The object of most of the rules regarding scholars’ dress seems to have been to enforce sumptuary restrictions, and impose something clerical and sober in appearance--_decenter et honeste_ are the words used in the statutes of King’s Hall. The same is true of similar regulations in Italian universities. [356] The cappa (with a hood?) probably constituted the _speciem scholasticam_ which pseudo-scholars in the town were forbidden to imitate. (_Statuta Antiqua_, statute 42.) [357] An order of the time of Henry V. (documents Nos. 90, 91 in the Registry) requires the Cambridge bachelors to dress like those at Oxford; which probably referred to the black _capuce_ or hood of the Oxford bachelor? [358] This feat was celebrated by verses inscribed: _Mutantque Quadrata Rotundit_. A square cap (called both ‘scholastic’ and ‘ecclesiastical’) was recognised as the proper head-gear for Cambridge fellows graduates and foundation-scholars in the later xvi. c. Pensioners were to wear a round cap. [359] For the coloured gown see _infra_.