Cabot, John, discovers North American Continent, 21-23 Caleche in French Canada, 443 Callieres, Canadian governor, 204; makes peace with Iroquois, _ib._ Campbell, Sir Colin, Governor of Nova Scotia, 362 Campbell, W. Wilfred, Canadian poet, 181 Canada, divisions of, 1-18; name of, 7; discovery of, 34, 35; river of, 35; Quebec, ancient capital of, 70; government of, under France, 156-167; ceded to England, 263; military regime of, 268; political state from 1763-1867, 338-379; confederation of, 370-374, 391, 392, 404; railway building, 416; canals and waterways, 418; growth of manufacturing industries, 419, 420; bounty system, 419; population of, in 1908, 424, 425; French population of, 425; intellectual progress of, 425-429; revenue and expenditure, 425; government of, 426-429, relations with England, 428-429; awakening of national consciousness, 432; treaty-making power still withheld from, 433; map of (1643), 44; (1745), 221; (1896), opposite p. 1. _See_ French Canadians Canadian Air Board, 480 Canadian Manufacturers' Association, 422 Canadian Pacific Railway, 392, 396, 414, 417 Canals of Canada, 358 Cape Breton, Island of; discovered, 23-26; named Ile Royale, 210; ceded to England, 215; restored to France, 219; ceded again to England, 264; government of, under France, 210, 211; part of Nova Scotia, 303. _See_ Louisbourg Card money of French Canada, 162 Carignan-Salieres regiment, 152, 166 Carleton, General (Sir Guy), at siege of Quebec, 250; Canadian Governor, 277; saves Canada, 280, 283-287; becomes Lord Dorchester and again Governor, 301 _Caroline_, burning of steamer, 354 Caron, Sir Adolphe, 396 Cartier, Jacques, his voyages, 30-46; autograph and portrait of, 31; discovers Canada, 34; first map of his discoveries, 44; death of, 46 Cartier, Sir George, Canadian statesman, 372; his character and services to Canada, 408-412; autograph and portrait of, 411; monument to, 413 Cartwright, Sir Richard, Canadian statesman, 298 Cascade Mountains, 17 Cataraqui (Kingston), 184 Cayngas, division of Iroquois Confederacy, 118. _See_ Iroquois Celeron, in the Ohio Valley, 223 Chaleur, Bay of, discovered, 32 Champlain, Helen, wife of Samuel Champlain, 77 Champlain, Lake, name of, 73 Champlain, Samuel, 48; first autograph and portrait of, 69; founds Quebec, 70; battles with the Iroquois, 72-75, 81-85; first visit to the Ottawa region, 78-80: his lost astrolabe, 79; discovers Lake Huron (_mer douce_), 82; surrenders Quebec to Kirk, 88; returns to Canada, 89; death of, 90; his services to Canada, 91; visit to Canada, 149 _Chansons_ of French Canada. _See_ Ballads Charlottetown, city of, founded, 311 Chartres, Fort, on the Illinois, 224 Chateau St. Louis, history of, destroyed by fire, _see frontispiece_ Chateauguay, battle of, 328; monument of, 337 _Cheveux Releves_, 116