All of this gold was recovered by the pick and shovel and without the aid of machinery. Hydraulic mining was not introduced until the easily accessible gold had been washed out by primitive methods. The lode mines were not worked to any extent until 1893, but these are now producing more than the placers. Northwest of the Boundary District we take a flying trip through the Okanagan Valley, famous as a fruit-growing region. Apples from here are shipped all over the Dominion. They are sold three thousand miles away in eastern Canada in competition with those grown in the Annapolis Valley in Nova Scotia. The region has been developed largely through irrigation, and as we travel through it the green of the watered areas stands out in sharp contrast to the sun-baked dry lands of the hills. British Columbia has forty thousand acres in fruit, and it ships more than a million boxes of apples a season. The interior valleys have been found to be well adapted to raising peaches, plums, grapes, and small fruits as well. The chief city of British Columbia, as well as Canada’s most important Pacific port, is Vancouver. It is beautifully situated on Burrard Inlet on a site discovered in 1792 by Captain John Vancouver. In 1865 a lumber mill was started on the inlet and a settlement grew up here. About twenty years later the town was entirely destroyed by fire, so that the city of to-day was really founded in 1886. Vancouver is about the same size as Omaha, and is the fourth largest city of the Dominion. It is the terminal of the Canadian Pacific and Canadian National railways, and of several roads from the States. It has steamship lines to Hawaii and China and Japan and also to the Philippines, Australia, and New Zealand. There are coast lines to Seattle, Victoria, Prince Rupert, and Alaska. Let us go for a motor ride about the city. The Vancouver climate is warmer and more moist than that of the south of England, and flowers can be seen blooming in the gardens all the year round. On Shaughnessy Heights are the beautiful homes of Vancouver’s millionaires, and farther out is Stanley Park. Here, overlooking the Narrows through which the ships enter the harbour, are thousands of giant cedars and Douglas firs, some of them one hundred and fifty and two hundred feet high. We find Vancouver’s commercial districts busy and crowded. At the wharves we see twenty ocean steamers loading lumber to be carried to all parts of the world, and learn that sixteen million feet are shipped from here in one month. Vancouver is increasing in importance as a wheat-shipping port. It sends a million bushels or more to the Orient, and twice as much to Europe by way of the Panama Canal.