Newfoundland, size and strategic importance, 4; population, 7; education and church activities, 7; political relation to British Empire, 8; system of government, 9. Newspapers in the early Klondike days, 280. News-print, production of the Sault Ste. Marie mills, 134. Niagara Falls, hydro-electric development of, 106, 113. Niagara Falls Railway Arch Bridge, cost of lighting American half more than double Canadian, 108. Nickel, largest production in the world at Sudbury, Ontario, 127; the different uses of the metal, 131. Nickel-steel, the many uses of, 131. Nipissing silver mine at Cobalt, 122. Northcliffe, Lord, built plant in Newfoundland for supply of pulp wood paper, 11. Northwest Company, opponent of the Hudson’s Bay Company, finally absorbed, 170. Notre Dame, Church of, at Montreal, 65. Nova Scotia, travels, in, 31 _et seq._ Oats, production in the Winnipeg district, 149; large crops at Edmonton, 200; in Peace River Valley, 202. Oats hay, a farm crop at Dawson, Yukon, 261. Ogdensburg, N. Y., site of proposed hydro-electric plant for supplying Canada and the United States, 100. Oil fields, the new operations along the MacKenzie, 203 _et seq._ Okanagan Valley, famous as fruit-growing region, 223. Ontario, Province of, richest in mineral and agricultural wealth and industrial development, 103; the frontier of the province, 137. Ontario Hydro-Electric Commission, work of, in Ontario, 102, 103, 106, 107. Ottawa, capital of the Dominion, 79 _et seq._ Paper, Quebec leading producer of, 46; greatly increased production of, in Canada, 92; process of manufacture, 93. Paper mills, at Ottawa, 80, 88. Parliament buildings, at Ottawa, 82. Peace River, the town of, 202. Peace River Valley, agricultural possibilities in, 202. Petroleum, in Alberta, 201; the new field along the Mackenzie, 203. Petty Harbour, typical Newfoundland “outport,” 16. Phoenix, British Columbia, copper mines at, 222. Pilgrimages to Ste. Anne de Beaupré, 52. Porcupine gold district, production of, 125. Port Arthur, the great wheat centre, 135, 141. Port Nelson, projected terminus of the Hudson Bay Route, and port for wheat shipment, 155. Portage la Prairie, a prosperous farming section, 175. Potatoes, success with in Dawson, Yukon, 259. Poultry raising in the Arctic, 260. Prince Albert, Saskatchewan, noted for its fur trade and lumber mills, 179. Prince Edward Island, smallest but richest province in the Dominion, 40. Prince Rupert, northern terminus of Canadian National Railways and nearest port to the Orient, 226 _et seq._ Public ownership, in Toronto, 101 _et seq._; success of the Ontario Hydro-Electric Commission, 107.