The Church after the Revolution--The Non-Jurors--The Act of Toleration--Comprehension Bill--Laxity of Religion--The Wesleys and Whitefield--Foundation of Methodism--Extension of the Movement--Literature--Survivors of the Stuart Period--Prose Writers: Bishop Burnet--Philosophers: Locke--Bishop Berkeley, etc.--Novelists: Fielding, Richardson, Smollett, and Sterne--Dr. Davenant--Bentley--Swift--Addison--Addison and Steele--Bolingbroke--Daniel Defoe--Lady Mary Wortley Montagu--Poets: Pope--His Prose Writings--Gay, Prior, Young, etc.--James Thomson, Allan Ramsay, Gray, and Minor Lights--Dramatists--Physical Science: Astronomers--Mathematicians--Electricians--Chemists--Medical Discoverers--Music: Purcell--Italian Music--Handel--Church Music--The Academy of Ancient Music and other Societies--Architecture--Wren and his Buildings--St. Paul's--His Churches and Palaces--Vanbrugh--Gibbs--Hawksmoor--Minor Architects--Painting and Sculpture: Lely and Kneller--Other Foreign Painters and Decorators--Thornhill--Other English Artists--Hogarth and his Works--Exhibition of British Artists--Sculptors--Shipping, Colonies, Commerce, and Manufactures--Increase of Canals--Woollen and Silk Trades--Irish Linens--Lace--Iron, Copper, and other Industries--Increase of the large Towns. The Revolution of 1688, which overthrew absolutism in the State, overthrew it also in the Church. The political principles of William of Orange, and the Whigs who brought him in, were not more opposed to the absolutism of the Stuarts than the ecclesiastical principles of the new king and queen, and the prelates whom they introduced into the Church, were to the high-churchism of Laud, Sancroft, Atterbury, and their section of the Establishment. When Parliament, on the accession of William and Mary, presented the Oath of Allegiance to the Lords and Commons, eight of the bishops, including Sancroft, Archbishop of Canterbury, refused it; and of these, five were of the number of the seven who had refused to sign James II.'s Declaration of Indulgence, and thus gave the immediate occasion to the outbreak ending in the Revolution. Thus a fresh faction was produced in the Establishment, that of the Non-jurors, who were, after much delay and patience, finally excluded from their livings. As the existing law could not touch the non-juring bishops so long as they absented themselves from Parliament, where the oath had to be put to them, a new Act was passed, providing that all who did not take the new oaths before the 1st of August, 1689, should be suspended six months, and at the end of that time, in case of non-compliance, should be ejected from their sees. Still the Act was not rigorously complied with; they were indulged for a year longer, when, continuing obstinate, they were, on the 1st of February, 1691, excluded from their sees. Two of the eight had