Another American species is the MUSQUASH, MUSK-RAT, or ONDATRA (_Fiber
zibethicus_), which constitutes a genus distinguished from the true
Voles by having the tail compressed and nearly naked, the hinder toes
united by short webs, and fringed with long hairs, and the enamel
folds of the molars united by a line running down the middle of the
tooth. The form of the animal is thickset, and in this respect, as in
its aquatic habits, it resembles the Beaver, to which it was formerly
supposed to be nearly allied. The head is short and broad, the ears
project very little beyond the fur, the hind limbs are longer than the
fore legs, and terminate in five toes with strong claws, while the fore
limbs have only four toes and a wart-like thumb; the fur is very thick
and shiny, and the colour is usually brown above and grey below, with
the tail, which is nearly as long as the body, black. The fur is well
known in commerce. The length of the head and body of a full-grown male
is about twelve inches. The name Musk-rat, often given to this species,
refers to the musky odour diffused by the secretion of a large gland
situated in the inguinal region.
The Musquash, which may be described as a large Water Rat, inhabits
all the suitable parts of North America, from the thirteenth to the
sixty-ninth degree of north latitude, and is most abundant in the
Canadian region, which offers it peculiarly favourable conditions of
life in the multitude of rivers and lakes, upon the banks of which
the Musquash always takes up its abode. It is a nocturnal animal,
passing the day in concealment, and coming forth with the twilight
to seek its nourishment, and amuse itself with its fellows. In the
water it displays wonderful activity, and, in many respects, presents
much resemblance to the Beaver. Curiously enough, the parallelism of
habits holds good to a certain extent, even in the construction of
their dwellings. The Musquash generally lives in a burrow dug out of
the bank of the stream in which he disports himself, and consisting of
a chamber with numerous passages, all of which open under the surface
of the water. But, under certain conditions, especially in the north,
he builds himself a house of a rounded or dome-like form, composed
of sedges, grasses, and similar materials, plastered together with
mud, and supported upon a mound of mud of sufficient height to raise
it above the water. The house contains a single chamber from sixteen
inches to two feet in diameter, and is entered by a passage which opens
at the bottom of the water. Other passages are said to issue from this,
and to lead down into the ground under the bottom of the water; these
are made by the animal in his search for the roots of water-lilies and
other aquatic plants, which constitute a great part of his nourishment.
The Musquash also seeks provisions on land, and in this way often does
much mischief in gardens. Fresh-water mussels also form a part of its
diet.
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