The MUNTJACS--Distribution--Characters--THE INDIAN MUNTJAC, OR KIDANG--Hunting--THE CHINESE MUNTJAC--Habits--DAVID’S MUNTJAC--“Shanyang”--THE ROEBUCK--THE CHINESE WATER DEER--Peculiarity--Chinese Superstition regarding it--THE CHINESE ELAPHURE--Peculiarity of its Antlers--THE REINDEER--Distribution--Character--Colouration--Antlers--Canadian Breeds--Food--THE AMERICAN DEER--THE VIRGINIAN DEER--THE MULE DEER--THE BLACK-TAILED DEER--THE GUAZUS--THE BROCKETS--THE VENADA, OR PUDU DEER--THE CHEVROTAINS, OR DEERLETS--Antlerless--Their Position--Bones of their Feet--General Form and Proportions--Species--THE MEMINNA, OR INDIAN DEERLET--THE JAVAN DEERLET--THE KANCHIL--THE STANLEYAN DEERLET--THE WATER DEERLET--THE CAMEL TRIBE--Their Feet--Stomach--Its Peculiarity--The Water Cells--THE (TRUE) CAMEL--Description--The Pads of Hardened Skin--Its Endurance--Its Disposition--Anecdote of its Revengeful Nature--THE BACTRIAN CAMEL--THE LLAMAS--Description--Habits--Used as Beasts of Burden--Wild and Domesticated Species--THE HUANACO--THE LLAMA--THE VICUNA--THE ALPACA--The Alpaca Industry--FOSSIL RUMINANTIA--Strata in which they are found--_Chœropotamus_--_Hyopotamus_--_Dichobune_--_Xiphodon_-- _Cainotherium_--_Oreodon_--_Sivatherium_--Fossil Deer, Oxen, Goats, Sheep, Camels, Llamas, Antelopes, Giraffes--The Irish Elk--Its huge Antlers--Its Skeleton--Ally--Distribution. THE MUNTJACS.[38] The Muntjacs form a group of small and elegant Deer found in India, Burmah, China, the Malay Peninsula, and the large islands of the Indo-Malay Archipelago. They differ from all other members of the family in that their diminutive antlers are supported on lengthy bony pedestals, covered with a hairy skin much like the horn-processes of the Giraffe. Most, also, have a pair of elongated longitudinal ridges between the eyes, within the folds of which small glands are situated, at the same time that there is a dark crest of retroverted hair, tending to the shape of a horseshoe, upon the forehead. In the males the upper canine teeth develop into tusks, which project externally some way below the lip, though not so far as in the Musk, forming efficient instruments of attack. The INDIAN MUNTJAC, OR KIDANG, is the best known species. Its antlers attain a larger size than those of any of the others, although they are not more than four inches long, composed of an undivided beam, at the base of which there is a diminutive brow-tyne. Its size is slightly less than that of the Roebuck, its colour uniformly foxy red-brown, with the throat, hind part of abdomen, and under surface of tail white. A black line runs up the inner side of each antler-pedestal of the male, instead of forming the frontal horseshoe of the female.