The fact is the animal is bought when young for a small sum, and brought up to its profession. Long practice has made its purchasers experts in selecting the animals that will suit them. After purchase the training commences, which consists in pinching the animal's ears whenever it is given bran, and it soon learns to shake its head at the sight of bran. I need hardly say that a handful of bran is ready in its conductor's hands when the questions are put to it. It is also taught to butt at any person that speaks angrily to it. As regards the offerings made to these people, one-sixth goes to feeding the bulls, and the remaining five-sixths to the conductors. They look upon it as 'good work', but the village boys and girls think it the greatest fun in the world to watch its performances, and the advent of a Vishnu's bull is hailed by the youngsters with the greatest delight." Gangimakkalu.--Gangimakkalu, or Gangaputra, meaning children or sons of Ganga, the goddess of water, is the name of a sub-division of Kabbera. The allied Gangavamsamu, or people of Ganga, is a name for Jalaris. Ganiga or Gandla.--The name Ganiga is derived from the Telugu ganuga, meaning an oil-mill. The Ganigas are said [135] to be "the oil pressers of the Canarese people, corresponding to the Telugu Gandla and the Tamil Vaniyan. This caste is sub-divided into three sections, none of whom eat together or intermarry. These sections are the Hegganigas, who yoke two oxen to a stone oil-mill; Kirganigas, who make oil in wooden mills; and Ontiyeddu Ganigas, who yoke only one animal to the mill. They are collectively known as Jotipans or Jotinagarams (people of the city of light). In addition to pressing oil, they also make palm-leaf umbrellas, cultivate land, and work as labourers. They employ Brahmans to perform their ceremonies. Their guru is the head of the Vyasaraya mutt at Anegundi. Early marriage is practiced. Widow remarriage is not allowed. They eat fish, mutton, and fowls, but do not drink liquor. Chetti is their title." In the Madras Census Report, 1891, it is stated that the guru of the Ganigas is the head of the mutt at Sringeri, and that they employ Havig Brahmans for their ceremonies. Sringeri is the name of a Smarta (Saivite) mutt or religious institution at several places, such as Tanjore and Kumbakonam; and there is a town of this name in Mysore, from which the mutt derives its name.