Castes and Tribes of Southern India. Vol. 2 of 7Thurston, Edgar
History
Castes and Tribes of Southern India. Vol. 2 of 7
Thurston, Edgar
Caste -- India, South; Ethnology -- India, South; India, South -- Social life and customs; Tribes -- India, South
In a note on Basavis, the Collector of the Bellary district writes
that "it is usual among Hindus to dedicate a bull for public use on
the death of a member of their family. These are the breeding bulls
of the village flock. Similarly, cows are dedicated, and are called
Basavis. No stigma attaches to Basavis or their children, and they are
received on terms of equality by other members of their caste. The
origin of the institution, it has been suggested, may probably be
traced to the time when the Boyas, and other castes which dedicate
Basavis, were soldiers, and the Basavis acted as camp-followers and
nurses of the wounded in battle. According to Hindu custom, the wives
of the men could not be taken from their homes, and, other women of
the caste being required to attend to their comforts, the institution
of Basavis might have been started; or, if they existed before then as
religious devotees attached to temples, they might have been pressed
into their service, and the number added to as occasion required. In
Narayandevarkeri there are many Boyas and many Basavis. On the
car-festival day, the Boyas cannot take meals until the car is taken
back to its original place after the procession. Sometimes, owing to
some accident, this cannot be done the same day, and the car-drawing
Boyas sleep near the car, and do not go to their houses. Then it is
their Basavis who bring them food, and not their wives." At Adoni
I have seen a Basavi, who was working at a cotton press for a daily
wage of three annas, in full dress on a holiday in honour of a local
deity, wearing an elaborately chased silver waist belt and abundant
silver jewelry. The following are examples of petitions presented to
a European Magistrate and Superintendent of Police by girls who are
about to become Basavis:--
Petition of __________ aged about 17 or 18.
I have agreed to become a Basavi, and get myself stamped by my guru
(priest) according to the custom of my caste. I request that my
proper age, which entitles me to be stamped, may be personally
ascertained, and permission granted to be stamped.
The stamping refers to branding with the emblems of the chank
and chakram.
Petition of _____ wife of _____.
I have got two daughters, aged 15 and 12 respectively. As I have
no male issues, I have got to necessarily celebrate the ceremony
in the temple in connection with the tying of the goddess's tali
to my two daughters under the orders of the guru, in accordance
with the customs of my caste. I, therefore, submit this petition
for fear that the authorities may raise any objection (under the
Age of Consent Act). I, therefore, request that the Honourable
Court may be pleased to give permission to the tying of the tali
to my daughters.
Petition of two girls, aged 17 to 19.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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