Castes and Tribes of Southern India. Vol. 3 of 7Thurston, Edgar
History
Castes and Tribes of Southern India. Vol. 3 of 7
Thurston, Edgar
Caste -- India, South; Ethnology -- India, South; India, South -- Social life and customs; Tribes -- India, South
Concerning polyandry, Mr. Anantha Krishna Iyer states that "among the
Kaniyans, as well as among Panikkans, polyandry largely prevails. If
the young woman is intended to be the wife of several brothers, the
eldest brother goes to the bride's house, and gives her the cloth, and
takes her home the next day along with her parents and relations, who
are all well entertained. The young woman and the brothers are seated
together, and a sweet preparation is given to them, which signifies
that she has become the common wife of all. The Kalari Muppan (Nayar
headman of the village) also declares her to be such. The guests
depart, and the bridegroom (the eldest brother) and the bride are
invited to what they call virunnu-oon (sumptuous meal) in the house
of the latter, where they stay for a few days. The bridegroom then
returns home with the wife. The other brothers, one after another, are
similarly entertained along with the bride at her house. The brothers
cannot afford to live together for a long time, and they go from place
to place, earning their livelihood by astrology. Each brother is at
home only for a few days in each month; hence practically the woman
has only one husband at a time. If several of them happen to be at
home together for a few weeks, each in turn associates with the woman,
in accordance with the directions given by their mother."
The Kaniyans follow high-caste Hindus as regards many of their
ceremonies. They have their name-bestowing, food-giving and tuft-making
ceremonies, and also a superstitious rite called ittaluzhiyuka, or
exorcism in child-birth on the seventh or ninth day after the birth
of a child. A Kaniyan's education begins in his seventh year. In the
sixteenth year a ceremony, corresponding to the upanayana of the higher
castes, is performed. For forty-one days after, the Kannalma initiates
the young Kaniyan into the mysteries of astrology and witchcraft. He
is obliged to worship Subramanya, the tutelary god of the caste,
and abstains from meat and liquor. This may be taken as the close of
his Brahmacharya stage or Samavartana, as marriage cannot take place
before the observance of this ceremony.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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