Castes and Tribes of Southern India. Vol. 3 of 7Thurston, Edgar
History
Castes and Tribes of Southern India. Vol. 3 of 7
Thurston, Edgar
Caste -- India, South; Ethnology -- India, South; India, South -- Social life and customs; Tribes -- India, South
When a death takes place, information is sent round to the relations
and castemen by two boys carrying little sticks in their hands. Under
the instructions of a priest, the inmates of the house begin to make
arrangements for the funeral. The corpse is washed, and the priest's
feet are also washed, and the refuse-water on the ground is poured
over the corpse or into its mouth. Among certain sections of Lingayats
it is customary, contrary to the usual Hindu practice, to invite the
friends and relations, who have come for the funeral, to a banquet,
at which the priest is a guest. It is said that the priest, after
partaking of food, vomits a portion of it, which is shared by the
members of the family. These practices do not seem to be followed by
the Chingleput Lingayats. A second bath is given to the corpse, and
then the nine orifices of the body are closed with cotton or cloth. The
corpse is then dressed as in life, and, if it be that of a priest, is
robed in the characteristic orange tawny dress. Before clothing it,
the consecrated cow-dung ashes are smeared over the forehead, arms,
chest, and abdomen. The bier is made like a car, such as is seen in
temple processions on the occasion of car festivals. To each of its
four bamboo posts are attached a plantain tree and a cocoanut, and
it is decorated with bright flowers. In the middle of the bier is a
wooden plank, on which the corpse is set in a sitting position. The
priest touches the dead body three or four times with his right leg,
and the funeral cortège, accompanied by weird village music, proceeds
to the burial-ground. The corpse, after removal from the bier, is
placed in the grave in a sitting posture, facing south, with the linga,
which the man had worn during life, in the mouth. Salt, according
to the means of the family, is thrown into the grave by friends and
relations, and it is considered that a man's life would be wasted if he
did not do this small service for a dead fellow-casteman. They quote
the proverb "Did he go unserviceable even for a handful of mud?" The
grave is filled in, and four lights are placed at the corners. The
priest, standing over the head of the corpse, faces the lamps, with
branches of Leucas aspera and Vitex Negundo at his feet. A cocoanut is
broken and camphor burnt, and the priest says "Lingannah (or whatever
the name of the dead man may be), leaving Nara Loka, you have gone
to Bhu Loka," which is a little incongruous, for Nara Loka and Bhu
Loka are identical. Perhaps the latter is a mistake for Swarga Loka,
the abode of bliss of Brahmanical theology. Possibly, Swarga Loka is
not mentioned, because it signifies the abode of Vishnu. Then the
priest calls out Oogay! Oogay! and the funeral ceremony is at an
end. On their return home the corpse-bearers, priest, and sons of
the deceased, take buttermilk, and apply it with the right hand to
the left side of the back. A Nandi (the sacred bull) is made of mud,
or bricks and mortar, and set up over the grave.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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