The Kammalans are made up of five occupational sections, viz., Tattan (goldsmith), Kannan (brass-smith), Tac'chan (carpenter), Kal-Tac'chan (stone-mason), and Kollan or Karuman (blacksmith). The name Panchala, which is sometimes used by the Tamil as well as the Canarese artisan classes, has reference to the fivefold occupations. The various sections intermarry, but the goldsmiths have, especially in towns, ceased to intermarry with the blacksmiths. The Kammalans, claiming, as will be seen later on, to be Brahmans, have adopted Brahmanical gotras, and the five sections have five gotras called Visvagu, Janagha, Ahima, Janardana, and Ubhendra, after certain Rishis (sages). Each of these gotras, it is said, has twenty-five subordinate gotras attached to it. The names of these, however, are not forthcoming, and indeed, except some individuals who act as priests for the Kammalans, few seem to have any knowledge of them. In their marriages the Kammalans closely imitate the Brahmanical ceremonial, and the ceremonies last for three or five days according to the means of the parties. The parisam, or bride's money, is paid, as among other non-Brahmanical castes. Widows are allowed the use of ordinary jewelry and betel, which is not the case among Brahmans, and they are not compelled to make the usual fasts, or observe the feasts commonly observed by Brahmans. The Kammalan caste is highly organised, and its organisation is one of its most interesting features. Each of the five divisions has at its head a Nattamaikkaran or headman, and a Karyasthan, or chief executive officer, under him, who are elected by members of the particular division. Over them is the Anjivittu Nattamaikkaran (also known as Ainduvittu Periyathanakkaran or Anjijati Nattamaikkaran), who is elected by lot by representatives chosen from among the five sub-divisions. Each of these chooses ten persons to represent it at the election. These ten again select one of their number, who is the local Nattamaikkaran, or one who is likely to become so. The five men thus selected meet on an appointed day, with the castemen, at the temple of the caste goddess Kamakshi Amman. The names of the five men are written on five slips of paper, which, together with some blank slips, are thrown before the shrine of the goddess. A child, taken at random from the assembled crowd, is made to pick up the slips, and he whose name first turns up is proclaimed as Anjivittu Nattamaikkaran, and a big turban is tied on his head by the caste priest. This is called Uruma Kattaradu, and is symbolic of his having been appointed the general head of the caste. Lots are then drawn, to decide which of the remaining four shall be the Anjivittu Karyasthan of the newly-elected chief. At the conclusion of the ceremony, betel leaf and areca nut are given first to the new officers, then to the local officers, and finally to the assembled spectators. With this, the installation ceremony, which is called pattam-kattaradu, comes