(5) Jatimatras.--The eight leading physician families of Malabar, or Ashta Vaidyas, are, by an inexcusable misuse of language, called Gatimatras or nominal Nambutiris. The class of Nambutiris called Yatrakalikkar (a corruption of Sastrakalikkar) also comes under this head. They are believed to be the Brahmans, who accepted the profession of arms from their great founder. Those that actually received the territory from the hands of Parasu Rama, called Gramani Nambutiris or Gramani Adhyas, are also Gatimatras. They were the virtual sovereigns of their respective lands. The physicians, the soldiers, and the landed kings, having other duties to perform, were not able to devote all their time to Vedic recitations. The mutalmura or first study was, of course, gone through. In course of time, this fact was unfortunately taken by the religious conscience of the people to lower the Brahmans who were deputed under the scheme of Parasu Rama for special functions in the service of the nation in the scale of Nambutiri society, and to mean a formal prohibition as of men unworthy to be engaged in Vedic study. Papagrastas are Nambutiris, who are supposed to have questioned the divine nature of Parasu Rama, The Urilparisha Mussus, who too are Brahmans who received gifts of land from Parasu Rama, the Nambitis, the Panniyur Gramakkar, and the Payyanur Gramakkar or the Ammuvans (uncles), so called from their matriarchal system of inheritance, form other sections of Nambutiris." It is recorded, in the Cochin Census Report, 1901, that "certain special privileges in regard to the performance of religious rites and other matters of a purely social nature serve as the best basis for a sub-division of the Nambutiris in the order of social precedence as recognised amongst themselves. For this purpose, the privileges may be grouped under two main classes, as given in the following mnemonic formula:-- A 1. Edu (the leaf of a cadjan grandha or book): the right of studying and teaching the Vedas and Sastras. 2. Piccha (mendicancy symbolic of family priests): the right of officiating as family priests. 3. Othu (Vedas): the right of studying the Vedas. 4. Adukala (kitchen): the right of cooking for all classes of Brahmans. 5. Katavu (bathing place or ghat): the right of bathing in the same bathing place with other Brahmans, or the right of touching after bathing, without thereby disqualifying the person touched for performing religious services. B 1. Adu (sheep): the right of performing holy sacrifices. 2. Bhiksha (receiving alms): the right of becoming a Sanyasi. 3. Santhi (officiating as temple priests): the right of performing priestly functions in temples. 4. Arangu (stage): the right of taking part in the performance of Sastrangam Nambudris. 5. Panthi (row of eaters): the right of messing in the same row with other Brahmans.