In the Census Report, 1901, Ataviyar is recorded as "a synonym for, or rather title of the Tinnevelly Sales." Further, Pattariyar is described as a Tamil corruption of Pattu Saliyan, returned by some of the Tinnevelly Sales. The Adaviyar or Pattalia Settis are Tamilians, probably an offshoot of the Kaikolans, and have no connection with the Telugu Pattu Sales, who, like the Padma Sales, retain their mother-tongue wherever they settle. It is recorded [134] in connection with the Saliyar of the Chingleput district, many of whom are Kaikolans, that "a story is current of their persecution by one Salva Naik (said to have been a Brahman). The result of this was that large bodies of them were forced to flee from Conjeeveram to Madura, Tanjore, and Tinnevelly, where their representatives are still to be found." The Adaviyars follow the Tamil Puranic type of marriage ceremonies, and have a sirutali (small tali) as a marriage badge. The caste deity is Mukthakshiamman. The dead are always cremated. Saluppan.--The Tamil equivalent of the Telugu Janappan, which is derived from janapa, the sunn hemp (Crotolaria juncea). Samagara.--The Samagaras have been described [135] as "the principal class of leather-workers in the South Canara district. They are divided into two endogamous groups, the Canarese Samagaras and the Arya Samagaras. The latter speak Marathi. Though the Samagaras are in the general estimation as low a caste as the Holeyas, and do not materially differ from them in their religious and other ceremonies and customs, they are, as a rule, of much fairer complexion, and the women are often very handsome. The tanning industry is chiefly carried on by the Samagaras, and their modus operandi is as follows. The hides are soaked for a period of one month in large earthen vats containing water, to which chunam is added at the rate of two seers per hide. After the expiry of the above period, they are soaked in fresh water for three days, in view to the chunam being removed. They are then put into an earthen vessel filled with water and the leaves of Phyllanthus Emblica, in which they remain for twelve days. After this, they are removed and squeezed, and replaced in the same vessel, where they are allowed to remain for about a month, after which period they are again removed, washed and squeezed. They are then sewn up and stuffed with the bark of cashew, daddala, and nerale trees, and hung up for a day. After this, the stitching is removed, and the hides are washed and exposed to the sun to dry for a day, when they become fit for making sandals. Some of the hides rot in this process to such an extent as to become utterly unfit for use." The badge of the Are Samagara at Conjeeveram is said [136] to be the insignia of the Mochis (or Mucchis), a boy's kite.