Catechism of the locomotiveForney, Matthias N. (Matthias Nace)
Science
Catechism of the locomotive
Forney, Matthias N. (Matthias Nace)
Locomotives -- Handbooks, manuals, etc.
Another effect of the equalizing levers is that each side of the
locomotive is supported in such a way that the action is the same as
it would be if it was supported on one point. If, for example, we
have a heavy beam, say a piece of timber like that shown by _A B_,
fig. 184, suspended at one point, _C_, in its centre, to the middle,
_a_, of a long spring, _D E_, the ends of which rest on two supports,
_F_ and _G_, it is evident that if the point of suspension is at the
middle, _C_, of the timber and _a_ of the spring, the weight of the
timber will rest equally on the two supports, _F_ and _G_, and that
the ends of the timber can move up or down or vibrate about the point
of suspension, _C_, without affecting the distribution of weight on
the supports, _F_ and _G_. If, now, the timber is suspended from three
points, _A_, _C_ and _B_, fig. 185, that is, its middle and two ends,
as shown in fig. 185, the ends, _A_ and _B_, being attached to the ends
of the springs _b c_ and _d e_, the latter resting on the supports _F_
and _G_, and connected at their opposite ends to an equalizer, _f g_,
whose fulcrum is at _a_, it is evident that each of the end hangers
must support one-half of that part of the weight of the timber between
it and the middle, and that the centre hanger must support one-half
the weight between the middle and the two ends. Thus the hanger _A b_
must support one-half the weight of the timber between _A_ and _C_,
and _B e_ must support one-half of that between _B_ and _C_; in other
words, the end hangers would each sustain one-fourth of the weight of
the timber and the middle one-half of its weight. If the weight of
the timber is 1,000 pounds, the end hangers would each sustain 250
and the middle one 500 pounds. The weight of the middle of the timber
is hung on the equalizer, and one-half, or 250 pounds of it is thus
transferred to each of its ends _f_ and _g_, and thence to the hangers
_f c_ and _g d_, and thus to the springs, so that the ends, _c_ and
_d_, of the springs, sustain a weight of 250 pounds, therefore, as the
opposite ends also sustain the same weight, it is evident that each
of the springs bears a total load of 500 pounds, or one-half of the
weight of the timber, which is the same load they sustained in fig.
164. If the ends of a timber supported as shown in fig. 185 are moved
up or down about the centre point of suspension, it is evident that
the distribution of weight would not be affected any more than it was
in fig. 164 by a similar movement, because if the ends of the timber
move as shown by the dotted lines around the centre point of suspension
_C_, the end _A_ will ascend as much as _B_ descends. The same thing
is true of the ends _b_ and _e_ of the springs and of their opposite
ends _c_ and _d_, and also of the ends of the equalizer, so that when
the timber, springs and equalizer are in the position shown by the
dotted lines, it is in equilibrium, just as it was when the timber
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