Cato Maior de Senectute with Introduction and NotesCicero, Marcus Tullius
Philosophy
Cato Maior de Senectute with Introduction and Notes
Cicero, Marcus Tullius
Old age -- Early works to 1800
_Defendere causam_ here is simply to act as
counsel in a case, whether the client be defendant or plaintiff. So in
Lael. 96 and often. -- NUNC CUM MAXIME: 'now more than ever', νυν μαλιστα.
The phrase is elliptic; in full it would be '_cum maxime conficio
orationes, nunc conficio_', 'when I most of all compose speeches, I now
compose them'; _i.e._ 'the time when I most of all compose is now'. The
words _cum maxime_ generally follow _tum_ or _nunc_ and add emphasis to
those words, but are sometimes used alone to express the ideas 'then' and
'now' more emphatically than _tum_ and _nunc_ would. Cf. Ver. 4, 82; Tac.
Ann. 4, 27. The orators were in the habit of working over their speeches
carefully for publication and preservation. -- IUS AUGURIUM etc.: 'the law
pertaining to the augurs and pontifices'; _i.e._ the principles applied by
them in the performance of their duties. The pontifices had the general
oversight of religious observances. See Dict. of Antiq. -- CIVILE: the
meaning of _ius civile_ varies according to the context. Here it is the
secular law as opposed to the sacred law, as in 50; sometimes it is the
whole body of Roman law as opposed to the law of other states; often,
again, it is the older portion of the Roman law as opposed to the newer or
'equity' portion. -- COMMEMORO: 'I say over to myself'. In Cicero
_commemoro_ is a verb of speaking, and never has the meaning of _recordor_
or _memini_. -- CURRICULA: see nn. on 33. -- MAGNO OPERE: better so written
than in one word _magnopere_; so _maximo, minimo, nimio opere_. -- ADSUM
AMICIS: 'I act as counsel to my friends'. This legal sense of _adesse_ is
common. -- FREQUENS: literally the word means 'crowded' (connected with
_farcire_ 'to cram' or 'to crowd together'), hence _frequens senatus_ and
the like phrases. Then _frequens_ comes to be used of actions or events
that often recur; _e.g._ Orat. 15 _Demosthenes frequens Platonis auditor_;
De Or. 1, 243 _frequens te audivi_. On the use of the adj. here see A. 191;
G. 324, Rem. 6; H. 443. -- ULTRO: 'unasked', 'of my own motion', a
reference to the well-known story that, whatever subject was discussed,
Cato gave as his opinion '_delenda est Carthago_'. See Introd. -- TUEOR:
'advocate', 'support'. -- LECTULUS: a couch usually stood in the Roman
study, on which the student reclined while reading, composing or dictating,
or even writing. Cf. De Or. 3, 17, _in eam exedram venisse in qua Crassus
lectulo posito recubuisset, cumque eum in cogitatione defixum esse
sensisset, statim recessisse ..._; Suet. Aug. 78 _lecticula lucubratoria_.
-- EA IPSA COGITANTEM: = _de eis ipsis cog._: so Acad. 2, 127 _cogitantes
supera atque caelestia_, and often. -- ACTA VITA: 'the life I have led';
cf. 62 _honeste acta superior aetas_; so Tusc. 1, 109; Fam. 4, 13, 4. --
VIVENTI: dative of reference. A. 235; G. 354; H. 384, 4, n. 3. 'As regards
one who lives amid these pursuits and tasks'. -- ITA SENSIM etc.: _sensim
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