P. 17. -- 40. HINC etc.: cf. Cic. Hortensius fragm. _quod turpe damnum, quod dedecus est quod non evocetur atque eliciatur voluptate?_ Observe the singular _patriae_ followed by the plural _rerum publicarum_; the plural of _patria_ is rare. On the significance of this passage see Lecky, Hist. of European Morals, I. p. 211, n. (Am. ed.). -- CUM HOSTIBUS etc.: attributive phrase; cf. Phil. 12, 27 _colloquia cum acerrimis hostibus_. -- SCELUS: this word looks chiefly to the criminal intention, whether it be carried into action or not, _malum_, _facinus_ to the completed crime; _flagitium_ is sin rather than crime, _Facinus_ in sense is often rather narrower and lighter than _scelus_; cf. Verr. 5, 170 _facinus est vincire civem Romanum, scelus verberare, prope parricidium necare_. -- IMPELLERET: _sc. homines_; so _nos_ is omitted after _iubebat_ below. -- EXCITARI: 'stirred up'. In 39 and 41 we have the verb _in-citare_; for the difference between the two verbs cf. Qu. Fr. 1, 1, 45 _haec non eo dicuntur, ut te oratio mea dormientem excitasse, sed potius ut currentem incitasse videatur_. -- HOMINI ... DEDISSET: cf. Acad. 1, 7 _nec ullum arbitror maius aut melius a dis datum munus homini_. Notice _homini_ 'man', in the same sense as _hominibus_, above. -- MUNERI AC DONO: the two words _munus_ and _donum_ are often found together; the difference in meaning is hardly perceptible. _Donum_ implies the fact of giving, _munus_ the generosity of the giver. -- TAM ... INIMICUM: notice the separation of _tam_ from _inimicum_.