_Canis familiaris_--The Dog. _Canis vulpes_--The Fox. _Meles taxus_--The Badger. _Sus scrofa_--The Pig. _Cervus capreolus_--The Roe-deer. _Cervus elaphus_--The Red-deer. _Capra hircus_--The Goat. _Bos longifrons_--The Celtic Short-horn. _Equus caballus_--The Horse. _Arvicola amphibius_--The Water-rat. _Lepus timidus_--The Hare. _Lepus cuniculus_--The Rabbit. The Eagle. Nearly all the bones were broken, and belonged to young animals. Those of the Celtic short-horn, of the sheep or goat, and of the young pig, were very abundant; while those of the roe and stag, hare and horse, were comparatively rare. The remains of the domestic dog were rather abundant, and the percentage of young puppies implies also that they, like the other animals, had been used for food. Possibly the hare may also have been eaten, but its remains were scarce, and belonged to adults. Some of the bones had been gnawed by dogs. The only reasonable cause that can be assigned for the accumulation of the remains of these animals is, that the locality was inhabited by men of pastoral habits, but yet to a certain extent dependent on the chase, and that the relics of their food were thrown out to form a refuse-heap. The latter had altogether disappeared from the surface of the ground, from the action of the rain and other atmospheric causes, while those portions of it which chanced to be washed into the narrow interspace between the strata were preserved, to mark the spot which it once occupied. There was nothing in the deposit that fixes the date of its accumulation. It may have been of the stone, bronze, or iron age; but from the presence of the goat, short-horned ox, and dog, it certainly does not date so far back as the epoch of the reindeer, mammoth, rhinoceros, and cave-hyæna. The presence of the Celtic short-horn throws no light upon the antiquity, because for centuries after it had ceased to be the domestic breed in England it remained in Wales, and still lives in the small black Welsh cattle, that are lineal descendants of those which furnished beef to the Roman provincials in Britain. _The Sepulchral Caves._ [Illustration: FIG. 36.--Section of Cave at Perthi-Chwareu. Scale 12 feet to 1 inch.]