Skull No. 2 (Figs. 43, 44, 45) is that of an adult male, presenting as nearly as possible the same dimensions, form, and other characters as that above described, except that the bone is somewhat thicker and heavier. The muscular ridges and impressions are even more strongly developed than in the former, and especially the temporal ridges immediately above the external angular processes. The left _maxilla_ remains loosely attached, containing the two bicuspid teeth, which are of small size, and worn quite flat, and to such an extent as to render it probable that the man was somewhat advanced in years, although none of the sutures are closed. The face is strictly orthognathous, and the skull dolichocephalic and aphanozygous.[104] Skull No. 3 is the entire _calvaria_ of a very young individual. The two milk-molars remain on either side; and behind them the first true molar is fully out, but not in the least worn. The incisors and canines have fallen out. The former, from the size of the _alveoli_, were of the permanent set, but not the latter. The age of the individual, therefore, may be estimated as about seven or eight. The only point worthy of notice in this _calvaria_ is the existence of a well-marked depression across the middle of the occipital bone, which appears exactly as if it had been caused by the constriction of a bandage. The depression barely extends beyond the lambdoidal suture into the parietals. It requires, perhaps, some imagination to perceive the slight traces of a corresponding depression in the forepart of the skull; but I think a faint depression may be there perceived on careful inspection. The effect of the occipital constriction, if it be such, reminds one of some of the deformed French skulls described by M. Foville[105] and by M. Gosse.[106] In all other respects the skull is well formed and symmetrical. It is strictly orthognathous, and of a broad oval shape. If deformed artificially, it would come under the head of “tête annulaire” of M. Gosse; and Dr. Foville shows that this kind of deformation arises from the popular custom of applying a kind of bandage round the head of the new-born infant, which, passing over the anterior fontanelle, descends obliquely, and is crossed behind the occiput and brought back and tied in front. This band, or “serre-tête,” he states, is worn during the first year, and for a longer period by female children than by males. Dr. Lunier gives pretty nearly the same account, adding, however, further particulars.[107] It may be remarked, also, that the Berbers, who formed great part of the Moorish forces that invaded Europe in the eighth, ninth, and tenth centuries, used to elongate the skull posteriorly and flatten the forehead. TABLE I.--_Dimensions of Perthi-Chwareu Skulls._