These remains represent at least four individuals--one probably somewhat aged, another of strong and robust make, and one, in all probability, a woman--in fact, a family group. No correct idea can be formed of the cranial conformation of these persons. In general shape it would seem to correspond with that of the Perthi-Chwareu skulls; but two of them at any rate are of smaller size, if we may judge from the least frontal diameter. The forehead also is perhaps a little more reclined. The most striking feature in two of the specimens, and which appears also to have existed in a third, is the extraordinary projection forwards of the nasal bones. In the present case this may probably be regarded as a family peculiarity; but with reference to it, it should be remembered that M. Broca[113] has described a very similar condition in the skull of the “Old man” of Cro-magnon, in whom, he says, “the ridge of the nose, slightly depressed at its base, rises again almost immediately, and advances boldly forward, making a rapid curve, with the concavity directed rather forward and especially upward, so that the lower ends of the _ossa nasi_ are placed 18 mm. (·7 inch) in front of a line dropped vertically from the fronto-nasal suture.” The condition of the bones from the Cefn tumulus differs very considerably from that of the remains from Perthi-Chwareu. They all have an appearance of much greater antiquity. With the exception of the very dense _femur_, they adhere to the tongue; and they are all deeply stained with manganous oxide, by which the substance even of the hardest portions is stained to a depth of more than one-eighth of an inch. That this discoloration, which for the most part does not assume the dendritic appearance, is due to manganese and not to any vegetable stain, is quite certain. The form of the skull, so far as it can be ascertained from such imperfect remains, and the rather platycnemic shape of the _tibiæ_, may perhaps justify our supposing that the Cefn bones belong to a cognate race to those whose remains were deposited at Perthi-Chwareu, or to one which had lived under similar conditions. But the cranial data are hardly sufficient to allow of any satisfactory inference being drawn from them: and as regards the _tibiæ_, it has already been pointed out that platycnemism cannot, in the present state of our knowledge, be regarded as an important ethnological character amongst priscan peoples, though it may undoubtedly be considered a character betokening remote antiquity. § 4. SKULL FROM THE CEFN CAVE, NEAR ST. ASAPH. The only specimen of human remains from this locality is a nearly entire _calvaria_, wanting the whole of the face below the superciliary border.