+--------------------------------------+-------+--------+-------+--------+--------+------+ | | | | | |Latitud.| | | SKULLS. |Length.|Breadth.|Height.|Circum- |or Ceph.| Alt. | | | | | |ference.| Index. |Index.| +--------------------------------------+-------+--------+-------+--------+--------+------+ |Mean of 48 males, Brit., Thurnam, | 7·7 | 5·5 | 5·62 | 21·3 | ·715 | ·730 | | long barrows | | | | | | | |Mean of 19 females, Brit., Thurnam | 7·45 | 5·3 | 5·3 | 20·6 | ·710 | ·730 | | long barrows | | | | | | | |Mean of 10 skulls, Perthi-Chwareu Cave| 7·07 | 5·5 | 5·6 | 20·0 | ·765 | -- | |Skull from Llandebie Cave | 7·3 | 5·3 | -- | -- | ·720 | -- | | ” Uphill | 7·36 | 5·43 | -- | -- | ·723 | -- | |Mean of 6 skulls from Keiss. (Huxley) | 7·22 | 5·45 | 5·19 | -- | ·755 | ·716 | |Skull from Muskham ” | 7·0 | 5·4 | -- | -- | ·770 | -- | | ” Ledbury Hall ” | 7·15 | 5·5 | -- | -- | ·770 | -- | | ” Blackwater, Ireland ” | 7·2 | 5·65 | -- | -- | ·780 | -- | +--------------------------------------+-------+--------+-------+--------+--------+------+ From the examples given in the preceding pages it is evident that, in ancient times, long-headed men of small stature inhabited the whole of Britain and Ireland, burying their dead in caves, but more generally in chambered tombs. They were farmers and shepherds, and in this country in the neolithic stage of culture. In the solitary case offered by the Harbour mound at Keiss they were cannibals.[123] _The Range of the Brachy-cephali._ No human remains of the brachy-cephalic, or broad type, as defined by Dr. Thurnam have been obtained from the caves in Britain. The evidence, however, is decisive that, in the Bronze age, a tall, round-headed, rugged-featured race occupied all those parts of Britain and Ireland that were worth conquering, and drove away to the west or absorbed the smaller neolithic inhabitants. And the identity of their skull-form, in the series of interments in the round and bowl-shaped barrows, extending from the Bronze age down to the date of the Roman occupation of Britain, shows that, both in the North and the South, this large-sized coarse-featured people was in possession at the time of the Roman conquest. The size and shape of the typical broad crania may be gathered from the first two columns of the following Table, which is an abstract of those published by Dr. Thurnam in “Crania Britannica,” and the “Memoirs of the Anthropological Society.”