Dr. Blackmore subsequently discovered a flint implement along with these animals, of the same type as those previously met with in the deposit _a_. A horizontal stretch of alluvium, _c_, deposited by the floods, occupies the present bottom of the valley. In this section it is plain that the gravels and brickearth at _a_ and _b_ were deposited by a river, which formerly flowed at those levels. In other words, the valley of the Wily was excavated during the time that the pleistocene strata _a_ and _b_ were being formed, while palæolithic man and the extinct animals were living in the neighbourhood. The position also of _b_ below the present bottom of the valley proves that the latter then was deeper than it is now. The prehistoric alluvium, _c_, represents the last stage in the history of the valley in which it is beginning to be filled with the deposits of floods. While it was being accumulated none of the animals of _a_ and _b_ were living in the district except the hare, urus, stag, horse, and wild boar. A somewhat similar section is exposed in the valley of the Avon at Freshford, near Bath, in a railway cutting, at a height of about thirty-five feet above the river. A thick mass of gravel abuts directly against a cleft of inferior oolite (Fig. 75), and gradually dies down to the alluvium. In it Mr. Charles Moore discovered the remains of the musk-sheep, and the Rev. H. H. Winwood those of the mammoth, bison, horse, and reindeer. In this case the pleistocene strata occupied the side of one of the valleys which had been deepened since the time of their deposit. [Illustration: FIG. 75.--Section of Valley-gravels at Freshford, Bath. 4, Red loam, 5ft. 6in.; 3, Oolitic wash, 1ft.; 2, Clay with flints, 4ft. 10in.; 1, Gravel with fossil mammals, 8ft.]