such parts of the cylindrical bones as we find untouched at Kirkdale, and devoured only the parts analogous to those which are there deficient. The keeper, pursuing this experiment to its final result, presented me the next morning with a large quantity of _album græcum_, disposed in balls, that agree entirely in size, shape, and substance with those that were found in the den at Kirkdale. The power of his jaws far exceeded any animal force of the kind I ever saw exerted, and reminded me of nothing so much as of a miner’s crushing mill, or the scissors with which they cut off bars of iron and copper in the metal foundries.” [Illustration: FIG. 80.--Leg-bones gnawed by Hyænas--1, of Ox in Menagerie; 2, of Bison in Kirkdale. (Buckland.)] The exact correspondence of one of the fragments of the tibia of an ox, gnawed by the Cape hyæna, with the corresponding bone of the bison from Kirkdale, may be gathered from a comparison of the two figured in Fig. 80, in which the teeth-marks _a_, _b_, and _c_, are very distinct. The same kind of identity runs through the whole series of bones gnawed by the living and fossil hyænas. Dr. Buckland’s conclusion, that the Kirkdale cave was the den of the spotted hyænas (_H. crouta_) that preyed upon the animals of Yorkshire in ancient times, and that it was undisturbed down to the time of its exploration, cannot be disputed. The tread of the hyænas in their passage to and fro had polished some of the bones and jaws scattered on the floor, and the polished surfaces were uppermost, the rest of the fragments being rough. And Prof. Phillips informs me that the leg-bone of a ruminant was discovered wedged into a small fissure in the floor, with that portion which was within reach of the hyæna’s teeth gnawed away, while the rest was uninjured. The hyæna had lost his bone in the fissure, and was only able to nibble the end which projected. In these incidents we have a vivid picture of an hyæna’s den in Yorkshire during the pleistocene age, with the contents left in their natural order and not rearranged by the passage of water. The Victoria cave near Settle, in Yorkshire, described in the third chapter, has also been occupied by hyænas. _Caves of Derbyshire: the Dream-cave near Wirksworth._