Celtic Scotland : $b A history of ancient Alban. Volume 3 (of 3), Land and peopleSkene, W. F. (William Forbes)
History
Celtic Scotland : $b A history of ancient Alban. Volume 3 (of 3), Land and people
Skene, W. F. (William Forbes)
Celts -- Scotland; Civilization, Celtic; Scotland -- Antiquities, Celtic; Scotland -- History -- To 1603
From these notices it is apparent that there underlies the formation of
these groups the idea of five generations. These were expressed by the
terms _Athair_, father, _Mac_, son, _Ua_, grandson, _Earmua_,
great-grandson, _Innua_, great-great-grandson, and that each of the four
groups was one generation less than the other, the _Geilfiné_, or white
family, being the chiefs immediate family, including himself;[208] but
it must not be supposed that these degrees of relationship implied
descent from the same individual, otherwise it would require that the
five generations were alive at the same time. The idea rather is that it
required five generations from the founder of the _Finé_ to complete the
group of seventeen persons. Thus his own immediate family, to the number
of four, constituted his _Geilfiné_. Then as each new person was born
into the _Geilfiné_, the older member passed into a new group termed
_Deirbhfiné_, and this went on till the group extended to nine persons;
then, as new members were born to these two, older members passed into
another group called _Iarfiné_,; and so on, as new generations were
added, till the group of _Indfiné_ was formed, and the whole number of
seventeen was completed, the members of each being fathers and sons, and
representing the fourth and fifth generations from the common ancestor;
and as generations went on, the kin or kinsfolk of the chief passed
through the alembic of these four groups and disappeared into the
commonalty of the _Finé_, leaving always a residuum of seventeen persons
behind them. These relationships, then, meant not descent from the same
individual but from the founder of the _Finé_, and expressed the
distance of each group from the stem-line of hereditary chiefs, and the
degrees of relationship between them and the chief for the time being.
This view of the degrees of relationship, as connected with the five
generations, seems to be implied in one of the regulations regarding
‘_Saer_ stock tenure.’ We are there told that ‘if one chief has received
stock from another, there shall be no returning of the _Saer_ stock
without _Seds_, in that case until one heir transmits to another.’ ‘If
it is from the chief next to him he has taken it, it is grandson upon
grandson, or great-grandson upon great-grandson, or the son of a
great-grandson upon the son of a great-grandson, and the number of
degrees which are between the person who gave the stock and the person
to whom it is given, is the number of relatives who shall claim the
stock without _Seds_ of _Saer_ stock.’[209]
The _Geilfiné_ were thus what was termed youngest cadets; and the
_Indfiné_, the oldest cadets, recognised as forming part of the kin, and
as longest separated from the chief, were the most powerful family next
to his own.
The following table, in which the succession to the _dibad_ land is
included, will show this conception of the nature of these groups:—
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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