which shows the similarity of the system with the Irish. The commentator adds, ‘The above figure guides a person to understand the arrangement and connection existing between him and his ancestors and his co-inheritors and his children. For the ancestors of a person are his father, his grandfather, and his great-grandfather; the co-inheritors are brothers and cousins and second cousins; the heirs of a person are those who proceed from his body, as a son, and a grandson and a great-grandson; and if a person be skilful in the use of the figure described above, when a person descended from any one of the three kins of the body of the original stock shall die without heir of his body, he will know who is to obtain the land of such a one according to law. For unto the third degree there is to be an appropriate sharing of land in the court of a _Cymwd_ or _Cantrey_.’[237] These three _kins_ of the Welsh Laws evidently represent the first two _Finés_ of the Irish Laws, viz., the _Geilfiné_ and _Deirbhfiné_, but the Welsh Law proceeds no further with the distribution than the first nine persons of the Irish group of seventeen. The same group was liable under the Welsh Laws for the crimes of its members, and the fines incurred by them, but the nine degrees are differently stated, in a manner which appears to extend it as far as the Irish system. We find in the Laws that ‘whoever shall confess _Galanas_, he and his kindred shall pay the whole of the _Saraad_ and _Galanas_ of the person killed;’ and then the kindred is thus defined: ‘Thus the grades of kindred are denominated which are to pay _Galanas_, or to receive payment. The first grade of the nine is the father and mother of the murderer or of the murdered. The second is a grandfather. The third is a great-grandfather. The fourth is brothers and sisters. The fifth is a cousin. The sixth is a second cousin. The seventh is a third cousin. The eighth is a relation in the fourth remove. The ninth is a relation in the fifth remove. The collateral relations in these grades are the nephews and uncles of the murderer or of the murdered. A nephew is a son of a brother or sister or of a cousin or of a second cousin, male or female. An uncle is a brother of a father or mother, or of a grandfather or grandmother, or of a great-grandfather or great-grandmother. This is the amount of the share of each of these; whoever may be nearer by one degree to the murderer, or to the murdered, than another, is to pay or to receive twice as much as the other; and so in respect to all the grades and their collateral members.’[238] The head of the sept was termed the _Penteulu_, but we have little information as to his relation towards the king or the _Pencenedl_, except that it was from the class of _Uchelwyr_ that these were elected, and thus, as in the Irish system, they too had each their _Teulu_ or sept. [Sidenote: Fosterage in Wales.]