The different ranks of the bondmen or unfree class have also been preserved in the code of laws termed _Quoniam attachiamenta_. They are there termed native-men (_nativi_), and we are told that there are several kinds of nativity or Bondage (_nativitatis sive bondagii_). For some are native-men of their grandfather and great-grandfather, which is commonly called _de evo et trevo_, whom their lord may claim to be naturally his native-men by narrating their progenitors, if their names are known, as his great-grandfather, his grandfather, and his father, who are challenged, declaring them to have been his native-men in such a township and in such a spot in that township, and to have made and rendered to him and his predecessors servile service in a servile land for many years; and this nativity or bondage may be proved by the kin of him who is challenged or by a good assize. Another kind of bondage is similar to this, when any stranger receives servile land from any lord doing servile service for that land; and if he dies in that land and his son likewise dies in that land, and afterwards his son lives in the same land and dies there, then his whole posterity to the fourth degree shall be of servile condition to his lord, and his whole posterity may be proved in a similar manner. The third kind of _nativity_ or bondage is when a freeman, in order to have a lord or the maintenance (_manutenencia_) of any great man, gives himself up to that lord to be his native or bondman (_nativum seu bondum_) in his court by the hair of his forehead; and if he thereafter withdraws himself from his lord, or denies his _nativitie_ to him, his lord may prove him to be his native-man before the justiciary by an assize, challenging him that he in such a day in such a year came to him in his court and gave himself up to be his man; and if any one is adjudged to be the native or bondman to any lord, that lord can seize him by the nose and reduce him to his former servitude, taking from him all his goods to the value of four pence.[261] These definitions of the different kinds of _nativi_ or bondmen may no doubt apply to a later period than we are now referring to, and be more or less connected with feudal forms, but we may, notwithstanding, infer that they preserve the characteristics of the servile class in Celtic times; for, although the upper classes may in the Lowland districts have been superseded by Saxon or Norman proprietors holding their lands in feudal tenure, the servile occupiers of the soil of Celtic race who were attached to the land would remain and become the villains of the feudal lord; and so we find that wherever they appear in the Chartularies they possess Celtic names.