Bower says of Alexander I.—‘Quod patruus suus comes de Gowry dedit sibi ad donum, ut moris est in baptismo, terras de Lyff et Invergowry’ (_Scotichron._ B. v. chap. xxxvi.), which shows that during the life of Malcolm III. one of his brothers possessed Gowry. Then we find that Madach, who ruled over Atholl as earl in the reign of Alexander I. and David I., was the son of Melmare, brother of Malcolm III., and his son Edelradus is designated in a charter of Admore in Kinross-shire ‘Abbas de Dunkelden et insuper comes de Fife’ (_Chart. St. Andrews_, p. 115), thus uniting the possession of the abbacy of Dunkeld, the patrimony of this royal family, with the earldom of Fife. Footnote 63: _Chron. Picts and Scots_, pp. 370, 372. Footnote 64: _Dobharcu_, of which Dobharcon is the genitive form, signifies literally water-dog, and is the name usually given to an otter. Footnote 65: The words _agus ise Mormaer agus ise Toisech_. This has been translated as if it meant that Mondac was both Mormaer and Toisech, while Comgall is left without a designation, but the above is the obvious meaning. Footnote 66: In the above notice from the Book of Deer the reader is referred to the edition of it printed for the Spalding Club under the able care of the late Dr. John Stuart. The facts they disclose are given here merely, and the explanation must be reserved to a subsequent chapter. Footnote 67: _Chart. Scon_, p. 2. Footnote 68: Ailred De bello apud Standardum, printed in appendix to Fordun, _Chron._, vol. i. p. 443. Footnote 69: _Orkneyinga Saga_, p. 86. Footnote 70: