"The pure love called _kebalá_ (unmixed) ignores his divinity, and in case it does recognize him as God, it disavows its loving connection with him. _Vide_ the _Bhágabat_, X. viii. 35, ix. 12, xviii. 14, xxx. 32, xxxi. 16. "The _shánta ras_ consists in recognizing the true nature of Krishna and fixing the mind on him only. Krishna has himself said, 'Devoting the mind exclusively to me is the virtue of _shama_'. _Vide_ the _Bhágabat_, XI. xix. 33: _'Shama consists in fixing the mind on me; dama is control of the organs of the senses; titikshá is endurance of sorrow; and dhriti is checking what rises on the tongue.'_ "It is the duty of a _shánta_ votary to give up thirst for everything except Krishna; hence a _shánta_ and a _bhakta_ of Krishna are identical terms. Krishna's devotee regards heaven and even salvation as no better than hell. _Vide_ the _Bhágabat_, VI. xvii. 23. "Devotion to Krishna and conquest of desire are the two marks of a _shánta bhakta_. All the five kinds of _bhaktas_ are necessarily marked by these qualities, just as sound, the attribute of the sky, is possessed by the other four elements also. A _shánta_ votary's attachment to Krishna is like an odourless flower; he has _only_ acquired a true sense of God's nature, as the supreme spirit and divinity. The _dásya_ mood better develops the cognition of Krishna as the Lord of full powers. A _dás bhakta_ constantly gratifies Krishna by serving him with a sense of his divinity, honour, and great glorification; _dásya ras_ has the merit of the _shánta ras_ plus service, _i.e._, it has two merits. The _sakhya ras_ possesses these two merits [plus absolute trust in Krishna]. In _dásya_ Krishna's service is marked by honour and glorification; in _sakhya_ by reliance. "A _sakhá bhakta_ sits on Krishna's back, or carries him on his shoulders, or has a mock fight with him; he serves Krishna and at times makes Krishna serve him! The chief characteristic of the _sakhya ras_ is free comradery, without any feeling of respect or awe. So this _ras_ has _three_ qualities; in it Krishna is loved more ardently, as he is held equal to the _bhakta's_ self; hence this _ras_ captivates the good. In the _batsalya ras_ there are the above three qualities, plus tenderness, which in its excess leads to chiding and chastisement. Such a devotee regards himself as the patron and Krishna as the _protégé_; his service takes the form of paternal care. This _ras_, therefore has _four_ qualities, and is like nectar.