"If a learned man happens to sing Krishna's praise, he adores Krishna to the exclusion of all other deities, as is proved by the case of Uddhav. _Vide Bhágabat_, III. ii. The helpless and the refugee [among devotees] have the same characteristics. Then comes resignation in. After taking refuge in Krishna, the votary gives himself entirely up to Krishna, who then elevates him to His own nature. _Vide Hari-bhakti-vilas_, xi. 417 & 418; _Bhágabat_, XI. xxix. 32." "Give ear, O Sanátan, while I turn to speak of the attainment (_sádhan_) of _bhakti_, which gives us the rich treasure of love for Krishna. Hearing [chant] and other acts [of the physical organs] are the _swarup_ signs of it; while in the _tatastha_ sign love is born. Love for Krishna is ever an end (_siddha_); it is never a means (_sádhya_). It is kindled in a pure heart by listening [to Krishna's praise], and other acts of the organs. The _sádhan_ of _bhakti_ is of two kinds: one following the ordinances of religion, the other following the [heart's] inclination. The man without a natural desire [for Krishna] adores Him in obedience to the bidding of the _Shastras_; such _bhakti_ is called regular (_baidhi_). _'King! It is the duty of the men who seeks liberation to hear, to praise, and to meditate about God, the universal Soul, the supremely Beautiful, and the Liberator from bondage.'_ (_Bhágabat_, II. i. 5. and also XI. v. 2.) "The modes of cultivating _bhakti_ are many; I shall only tell you briefly of the chief of them: [they are] taking refuge at the feet of the _guru_, initiation, service of the _guru_, inquiry into the true religion, following the path of saints, renunciation of enjoyment out of love for Krishna, residence at holy places associated with Krishna, accepting alms no further than suffices [for one's sustenance], fasting on the tenth day of the moon, reverence to foster-mothers, fig trees, kine, Brahmans and Vaishnavs, shunning from a distance all offences against adoration and the holy name, abjuring the company of non-Vaishnavs, taking only a few disciples, avoiding the study and exposition of too many books and arts, looking at loss and gain as alike, control of grief and other passions, abstention from abusing other gods and scriptures, never listening to scandal about Vishnu or Vaishnavs nor to village gossip, giving no shock by thought or speech to any creature that lives, listening [to chant], hymn-singing, keeping God in remembrance, worship, adoration [in words], attendance [on idols], assuming the attitudes of servant and comrade [to Krishna], dedication of one's own self [to God], dancing, singing, petitioning and prostration before [Krishna's image], rising to welcome [His image], and following it as a mark of respect, visiting shrines at _tirthas_, walking round shrines, hymning, reading scriptures, reciting the holy name, _sankirtan_, enjoying incense garlands perfumed essence and the _mahá-prasád_, witnessing the grand celebration of _árati_ and the