Ishtar, the goddess of the planet Venus, 242; the Warrior-Queen and Queen of Love, 245; one of the "twelve great gods," 246; offers her love to Izdubar, 308; is rejected and sends a monstrous bull against him, 309; causes Eabani's death and Izdubar's illness, 310; descent of, into the land of shades, 326-330. Izdubar, the hero of the great Chaldean Epic, 303; his dream at Erech, 304; invites Eabani, 304-305; vanquishes with his help Khumbaba, the Elamite tyrant of Erech, 308; offends Ishtar, 308; vanquishes the divine Bull, with Eabani's help, 309; is smitten with leprosy, 310; travels to "the mouth of the great rivers" to consult his immortal ancestor Hasisadra, 310-313; is purified and healed, 313; returns to Erech; his lament over Eabani's death, 313-314; solar character of the Epic, 318-322. J. Jabal and Jubal, sons of Lamech, descendants of Cain, 129. Japhet, third son of Noah, 130. Javan, a son of Japhet, eponymous ancestor of the Ionian Greeks, 134. "Jonah's Mound," see Nebbi-Yunus. Jubal, see Jabal and Jubal. K. Ka-Dingirra, see Ca-Dimirra. Kar-Dunyash, see Gan-Dunyash. Kasbu, the Chaldean double hour, 230. Kasr, Mound of, ruins of the palace of Nebuchadnezzar, 42. Kasshi (Cossaeans or Cissians), conquer Chaldea, 228. Kerbela and Nedjif, goal of pilgrim-caravans from Persia, 78. Kerubim, see Kirubu. Khorsabad, Mound of, Botta's excavations and brilliant discovery at, 15-16. Khudur-Lagamar (Chedorlaomer), king of Elam and Chaldea, his conquests, 221; plunders Sodom and Gomorrah with his allies, 222; is overtaken by Abraham and routed, 223; his probable date, 224. Khudur-Nankhundi, king of Elam, invades Chaldea and carries the statue of the goddess Nana away from Erech, 195. Khumbaba, the Elamite tyrant of Erech vanquished by Izdubar and Eabani, 308. Kirubu, name of the Winged Bulls, 164. Koyunjik, Mound of Xenophon's Mespila, 14; Botta's unsuccessful exploration of, 15; valuable find of small articles in a chamber at, in the palace of Sennacherib, 34. Kurds, nomadic tribes of, 8. L. Lamech, fifth descendant of Cain, 129. Larissa, ruins of ancient Calah, seen by Xenophon, 3. Larsam (now Senkereh), city of Shumir, 215. Layard meets Botta at Mossul in 1842, 17; undertakes the exploration of Nimrud, 17-18; his work and life in the East, 19-32; discovers the Royal Library at Nineveh (Koyunjik), 100. Lebanon Mountains, 190. Lenormant, Francois, eminent French Orientalist; his work on the religion of the Shumiro-Accads, 152-3; favors the Cushite theory, 186.