Character of Renaissance ArchitectureMoore, Charles Herbert
History
Character of Renaissance Architecture
Moore, Charles Herbert
Architecture, Renaissance
A variety of forms occur in these openings of the cathedral of Como,
like so many experiments in fanciful composition without any basis
of reason. The window, for instance, of the bay adjoining that here
represented, seems to show that the designer felt dissatisfied with the
small pilaster set upon the larger one, and accordingly omitted it, a
moulding on the edge of the spandrel, profiled like the lower member
of the crowning entablature, taking its place. But again, as if he now
felt that the entablature required a more architectural support, he
has in another window reproduced the small pilaster, but instead of
a large single one below he has employed two narrow ones, thus giving
separate support to the arch and the entablature. The doorway on the
north side of the nave presents a further modification of the scheme.
Here the jambs and the arch are splayed as before, and a tall column
of the ornamental tapering form, already noticed in the windows of
the Certosa of Pavia and in the chapel of St. Peter Martyr, is set on
either side of the composition. This portal, like the one on the south
side, has two entablatures with an arch between, and these columns
reach to the upper entablature of which they carry ressauts. No great
pediment crowns this doorway, but a tall niche, framed in with an order
of diminutive pilasters and surmounted with a small pediment, rises
over the centre of the upper entablature. This niche shelters a statue
of the Virgin, and is flanked by a statue on either side. Many variants
of this ornamental scheme for door and window occur in Lombardy and
Venice, and it was reproduced in many other parts of Italy, occurring,
as we have seen, even in Rome as in the palace of the Cancelleria and
the Palazzo Torlonia.
In the fifteenth century, as in the Middle Ages, the architecture of
each principal locality developed peculiarities of style in accordance
with its peculiar tastes and conditions. Thus the Renaissance design of
Venice has a general character of its own, though it drew some of its
materials from Florentine and Lombard sources. Michelozzi had followed
the exiled Cosimo de’ Medici to Venice, and Vasari tells us[108] that
he made there many drawings and models for private dwellings and public
buildings. On the other hand a family of architects and sculptors from
Lombardy, known as the Lombardi (Pietro Lombardo and two sons, Santo
and Tullio), had come to Venice in the fifteenth century and introduced
features from the Lombard Renaissance.
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