Character of Renaissance ArchitectureMoore, Charles Herbert
History
Character of Renaissance Architecture
Moore, Charles Herbert
Architecture, Renaissance
The façade of the Scuola di San Marco, begun in 1485 and attributed to
the architect Martino Lombardo, is a marvel of delicate workmanship
resembling in many of its features the small church of the Miracole
(p. 151) while including details of a different character. It is in
two stories, and is divided into two parts, answering to an internal
division, one of which, embracing the main portal, is larger and richer
than the other. An order of Corinthian pilasters embraces both parts of
each story, and these pilasters are unequally spaced in conformity with
the proportions of the respective parts and their openings. The main
division, which is on the spectator’s left as he faces the building,
has three bays of which the central one is the wider. The main portal
(Fig. 91) is in this bay, and has two arch orders on pilasters flanked
with larger pilasters, also in two orders, reaching to the entablature
which passes over the arch. A free-standing Corinthian column on a high
pedestal is set in front of each pilaster of the greater suborder, and
from ressauts of the entablature over these columns an archivolt in
high relief is sprung against the wall of the upper story. The shafts
of the flanking columns are unusually short, the pedestals being about
half the total height from the ground to the entablature. Comment on
the unreason of such compositions becomes wearisome, and criticism may
appear like captiousness. But if the reader will consider the character
of a Greek portal, with its jamb mouldings and cornice, as reasonable
and appropriate as they are simple, of a true Gothic doorway with its
consistent arch orders, but with no superfluous or unmeaning features,
he can hardly fail to feel the childishness of this Renaissance design
in comparison.
[Illustration: FIG. 91.--Portal of the Scuola di San
Marco, Venice.]
The other division of this front has a smaller and more simple doorway
in its central bay, with an unbroken wall above, and a narrow arched
window, framed with pilasters and a gabled pediment in each upper
lateral bay, while the lateral compartments of the ground story are
adorned with remarkable carvings in very low relief which present
an extreme instance of that tendency to pictorial treatment that
distinguishes the relief sculpture of the Renaissance. The main
cornice, embracing both divisions of the front, is crowned with a
series of arched pediments, varying in span with the bays beneath,
which recall those of the façade of the church of St. Mark. Those over
the main division of the façade are raised on ornamental attics of
which the middle one is in two stages.
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