Character of Renaissance ArchitectureMoore, Charles Herbert
History
Character of Renaissance Architecture
Moore, Charles Herbert
Architecture, Renaissance
In those parts of the vast châteaux of Blois and Chambord that were
built in the time of Francis I a richer phase of this early French
Renaissance architecture is found. The eastern wing of Blois, which
had been begun by Louis XII, illustrates this. On the side facing the
court the walls are panelled, not as they sometimes were in the earlier
buildings, as at La Rochefoucauld, by interpenetrating mouldings of
Flamboyant profiling, but by three superimposed orders of pilasters,
in which a continuity of upright lines is given by shallow ressauts
in the entablatures (Fig. 115). The pilasters are here irregularly
spaced in conformity with the window openings of the work that had
been begun, and considerably advanced, under the preceding reign;
and have the novel addition of ornamented bead mouldings set on the
edges of the pilasters, and along the under edges of the entablatures,
while in each of the panels thus framed the salamander and crown are
carved in relief. In the deep and elaborate cornice, dentils and
modillions and the egg and dart are worked in with Gothic gargoyles and
a corbel-table; while a rich parapet crowns the whole, and dormers of
picturesque form, with pseudo-classic orders surmounted by gables and
pinnacles, rise against the vast high-pitched roofs which are further
broken by ornamented chimney-stacks. A survival of the later Gothic
habit of design is further shown in the continuity of upright lines
obtained by the ressauts already remarked. But the most remarkable
feature of this façade is the great polygonal staircase tower that
rises through it. Four vast piers like buttresses, reaching from the
ground to the main cornice which is carried out so as to crown them,
are treated like colossal pilasters with rich Corinthianesque capitals,
and are banded above the middle with mouldings of classic profiling.
Yet on the face of each of these members is a corbelled niche, with a
rich canopy and statue in late Gothic style. These piers are connected
by three stages of ramps with panelled parapets elaborately ornamented
with small pilasters, carvings in relief, and gargoyles issuing from
their base mouldings. The whole composition is crowned with a dormer
having a square opening on each side, grouped pilasters on the angles,
an entablature with compound ressauts over the pilasters, and with
gargoyles reaching from the cornice, and a balustrade over all.
The reader should consider well the meaning of all this, and observe
how the persistence of the native French habits of design, without the
logic of the former time, was still giving a largely mediæval aspect
to works in which details from the Italian Renaissance, modified
and combined in strangely new ways, were being more and more freely
introduced.
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