Character of Renaissance ArchitectureMoore, Charles Herbert
History
Character of Renaissance Architecture
Moore, Charles Herbert
Architecture, Renaissance
In the pavilions we have in each story a variation of the scheme of
the Fountain of the Nymphs. The imitation of Serlio’s cut (Fig. 117
above) is closer, Corinthian columns being used instead of pilasters
as in Serlio’s design. But in the basement the architect has made
marked changes in the central bay, omitting the arch, and cutting
out a portion of the entablature. This last device, of which, as
we have seen, the later Renaissance architecture of Italy affords
many instances, is not only a violation of the principles of classic
design which these architects were professing to restore, but it is
a barbarism, because it breaks the continuity of those lines which
in such a composition should have the expression of binding the
parts together. In the story above the entablature is not completely
broken; the architrave and frieze only are cut in order to insert a
tablet. In the attic, however, the cornice is cut out completely, and
a segmental arch is sprung over the opening to form a pediment as a
crowning feature of the pavilion. The traditional logic of French
design is thus completely ignored by Lescot, and he abandons himself
to capricious methods of composition as completely as the Italians
had done. It is surprising not only to find the French people thus
following the Italians in their irrational misuse of structural forms
in ornamentation, but also to find them, after having produced in the
Middle Ages the most living and beautiful forms of foliate sculpture
that the world has ever seen, resorting to the heavy and formal
festoons of decadent Roman art, as Lescot has done in these friezes of
the Louvre.
Another noticeable characteristic of this phase of Renaissance design
in France is its excessive profusion of ornament. The wall surfaces
are embossed with reliefs, or set with niches, disks, or tablets until
no broad plain surfaces remain. Such extravagance of ornament is
characteristic of later Roman, and debased Gothic, but it is foreign to
the finest classic, and the pure Gothic, art.
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