=Turk Gregory=, Gregory VII. (Hildebrand); so called for his furious raid upon royal prerogatives, especially his contest with the emperor [of Germany] on the subject of investiture. In 1075, he summoned the emperor Henry IV. to Rome; the emperor refused to obey the summons, the pope excommunicated him, and absolved all his subjects from their allegiance; he next declared Henry dethroned, and elected a new kaiser, but Henry, finding resistance in vain, begged to be reconciled to the pope. He was now commanded, in the midst of a severe winter, to present himself, with Bertha, his wife, and their infant son, at the castle of Canossa, in Lombardy; and here they had to stand three days in the piercing cold, before the pope would condescend to see him, but at last the proud prelate removed the excommunication, and Henry was restored to his throne. =Turkish Spy= (_The_). A once popular romance relating the adventures of Mahmut, a Turk who lived forty-five years undiscovered in Paris, unfolding the intrigues of the Christian courts, between 1637 and 1682. The author of this romance is Giovanni Paolo Mara´na, and he makes it the medium of an historical novel of the period (1684). =Turkomans=, a corruption of _Turk-imâms_ (“Turks of the true faith”). The first chief of the Turks who embraced Islam, called his people so to distinguish them from the Turks who had not embraced that faith. =Turnbull= (_Michael_), the Douglas’s dark huntsman.--Sir W. Scott, _Castle Dangerous_ (time, Henry I.). _Turnbull_ (_Mr. Thomas_), also called “Tom Turnpenny,” a canting smuggler and school-master.--Sir W. Scott, _Redgauntlet_ (time, George III.). =Turnip-Hoer=, George I. So called because, when he first came over to England, he proposed planting St. James’s Park with turnips (1660, 1714-1727). =Turnpenny= (_Mr._), banker at Marchthorn.--Sir W. Scott, _St. Ronan’s Well_ (time, George III.). _Turnpenny_ (_Tom_), also called “Thomas Turnbull,” a canting smuggler and school-master.--Sir W. Scott, _Redgauntlet_ (time, George III.). =Turntippit= (_Old lord_), one of the privy council in the reign of William III.--Sir W. Scott, _Bride of Lammermoor_ (1819). =Turon=, the son of Brute’s sister, slew 600 Aquitanians with his own hand in one single fight. Where Turon, ... Brute’s sister’s valiant son ... Six hundred slew outright thro’ his peculiar strength; By multitudes of men, yet overpressed at length. His noble uncle there, to his immortal name The city Turon [_Tours_] built, and well endowed the same. Drayton, _Polyolbion_, i. (1612).