Octavia, divorce of, 40; the wife of Nero, 124, 127 Oil, the exportation of, 218 Oligarchy, the, at Rome, 81 Olive groves, the wealth of the, 189 Olympus, the delights of, 59 Opimius, the consulate of, 198 Orient, the metropolises of the, 15 Oriental Empire, the, of Rome, 57 Oriental state, the conquest of an, 15 Orientalism, the invasion of, 225 Ostia, Tiberius starts for, 163 Ovid, the representatives of, 149; the work of, 150 P Paintings, of Pompeii, the, 229 Palatine, a journey to the, 7; polygamy in, 118 Palestine, the annexation of, 49; uprising in, 166 Pandataria, Julia, exiled to, 172, 177 Pannonia, the malcontents at, 166 Pannonians, the customs of the, 193 Pantheon, the, mentioned, 103 Parthians, the Empire of the, 167 _Passum_, as a drink, 183 _Pater familias_, the power of the, 172 Paul of Tarsus, a great and simple man, 131; the persecution of, 134 _Pax Romana_, the, 4; the extent of the, 210 Pearls, the importation of, 30, 220 _Penetralia_, the, of the home, 32 Pergamon, the city, 219 Pergamus, the kingdom of, 16, 187 _Periplus of the Erytrian Sea_, the, a manual, 199 Persia, the conquest of, 44 Philosophers, the many, 209 Philosophy, the ancient, of Rome, 233 _Phylloxera_, a new species of, 190 Piedmont, the peasants of, 187 Pinon, the imperialist, 251 Pisa, inscriptions at, 164 Piso, the conspiracy of, 135 Plutarch, description of, 39 Po, the valley of the, 192 Poetry, the, of Horace, 195 Poets, the position of, 9 B.C., 146 Political barrier, the, between Gaul and Rome, 84 Political events, the, of Rome, 33 Political _personnel_, the, of Rome, 217 Polybius, the period of, 183 Pompadour, the Marquise de, mentioned, 43 Pompeii, the ruins of, 92; the city of, 218 Pompey, the conquests of, 19; the theatre of, 55 _Pontifex maximus_, the title of, 232 Pontus, salted fish from the, 8 Poppæa Sabina, the skill of, 116; death of, 137 _Populus_, the representatives of the, 246 Pozzuoli, the city of, 218 Prætor, the office of the, 157 Precious metals, the distribution of, 218 Prætorian guards, the, 117 Prætorians, the influence of the, 104 Princeps, the authority of the, 188 Proconsuls, the, of Rome, 182 Procurator, the origin of the office of, 212 Proprietors, the government of the, 211 Prosperity, the growing, 148 Protestant, the present position of the, 236 Provinces, the peace in the, 176 Ptolemies, the, at Alexandria, 19 Ptolemies, the kingdom of the, 46 Public finance, the lack of, 144 Punic War, the Second, 3, 214 Q Quæstor, the office of the, 211 Quintilius Varus, the governor of Syria, 166 Quintus Metullus Celerus, the consul, 74 R