Charles Darwin and the Theory of Natural SelectionPoulton, Edward Bagnall, Sir
Science
Charles Darwin and the Theory of Natural Selection
Poulton, Edward Bagnall, Sir
Darwin, Charles, 1809-1882; Natural selection
Of the three remaining chapters before the XIVth, and last, which
contains the Recapitulation and Conclusion, two--XI. and XII.--are
concerned with Geographical distribution, while the XIIIth deals with
Classification, Morphology, Embryology and Rudimentary Organs. These
three chapters are almost entirely devoted to the proof that the facts
of Nature with which they deal are not inconsistent with, but rather
support, and often strongly support, a belief in Organic Evolution.
Hence we see that this, incomparably the greatest work which the
biological sciences have seen, begins with an explanation and defence
and definition of the sphere of natural selection--then passes to
consider difficulties which are partly those of natural selection, and
partly of organic evolution--while it finally treats of the evidences
of the latter process and the difficulties which a belief in it
encounters.
This arrangement was a very wise one for a book which was intended to
convince a large circle of readers; for the human mind so craves after
an explanation, that it was of more importance for the success of the
work to show first that an intelligible cause of evolution had been
proposed, than to follow the more logical order of first setting forth
the evidences of evolution.
The second edition (fifth thousand) was issued in January, 1860, the
third (seventh thousand) in 1861, the fourth (eighth thousand) in 1866,
the fifth (tenth thousand) in 1869, the sixth in 1872: in 1887 the
twenty-fourth thousand was reached.
A note to the last edition states that the second “was little more
than a reprint of the first. The third edition was largely corrected
and added to, and the fourth and fifth still more largely.” The sixth
edition also contains “numerous small corrections,” and is about
one-fourth larger than the first edition, although this material is,
owing to the smaller print and more crowded lines, compressed into a
smaller number of pages. The sixth edition also differs from the first
in containing a glossary, an historical sketch, and a note and list of
the chief corrections.
The titles of Chapters I., II., and III. remain the same in the first
and last editions. Herbert Spencer’s phrase is added to Darwin’s
term, as the heading of Chapter IV., which accordingly becomes in the
last edition “Natural Selection; or the Survival of the Fittest.”
This change was certainly introduced in order to help readers to
grasp the meaning of Darwin’s title, which had been very generally
misunderstood. The heading of Chapter V. remains the same, while in
Chapter VI.--“Difficulties on Theory”--“on” is replaced by “of the.”
This chapter is, in the last edition, succeeded by a new one dealing
with many of the difficulties which had been raised or had occurred
to Darwin in the interval between the two editions; it is headed
“Miscellaneous Objections to the Theory of Natural Selection.” The
titles of the remaining eight chapters are unchanged.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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