[73] The ruins of which (in the Bay of Baiæ) gradually sank after the middle of the fifth century until (probably towards the end of the fifteenth century) the floor was more than twenty feet under water. Since then it has risen up again.--"Principles of Geology," chap. xxx. [74] He had expressed his doubts, in this and the former editions, as to the validity of the proofs of a gradual rise of land in Sweden. [75] Life, Letters, and Journals, vol. i. p. 436. [76] Lyell's specimens appear to have come from Kured, two miles north of Uddevalla, and only one hundred feet above the sea, but barnacles were obtained by Brongniart at two hundred feet.--"Principles of Geology," chap. xxxi. [77] "Antiquity of Man," chap. iii. [78] "Principles of Geology," ch. xxxi. "Antiquity of Man," ch. iii. [79] "On the Structure of Large Mineral Masses," etc. _Trans. Geol. Soc. Lond._, iii. p. 461. [80] Life, Letters, and Journals, vol. i. p. 460. [81] The weakness of his eyes was always more or less of a trouble. [82] It is "past" in the text (Life, Letters, and Journals, vol. i. p. 468), but I think this an obvious misprint. [83] "Life of Charles Darwin," vol. i. p. 273. [84] Life, Letters, and Journals, vol. i. p. 475. [85] It is but rarely that, so far as the writer has seen, this remark applies to the committees of scientific societies in London, but the amount of time thus wasted in the universities, judging from his own experience of one of them, is really melancholy. [86] Life, Letters, and Journals, vol. ii. p. 22. [87] _Ibid._, vol. ii. p. 20. [88] Life, Letters, and Journals, vol. ii. p. 45. [89] Though undoubtedly this severance of geology and cosmogony was very helpful at the time to the progress of the former, the justice of it may be questioned; and Lyell's approval would not be endorsed by every geologist at the present day, though probably it would still commend itself to the majority. [90] While this is true of many of the so-called primitive rocks, it is now generally believed that no inconsiderable portion are really abnormal or modified igneous rocks. [91] Life, Letters, and Journals, vol. ii. p. 48. [92] The Very Reverend W. Cockburn, D.D., who testified against the Association in a pamphlet entitled "The Dangers of Peripatetic Philosophy" (published in 1838). When the Association met at York in 1844, he read a paper before the Geological Section, criticising that science, and propounding a cosmogonical theory of his own. He was severely handled by Professor Sedgwick, but published his paper under the title, "The Bible defended against the British Association." This, though an exceptionally silly production, had a large sale. ("Life and Letters of Sedgwick," vol. ii. p. 76.) [93] Life, Letters, and Journals, vol. ii. p. 51. [94] Held at Glasgow, beginning September 17th. An allusion, however, during his American journey seems to imply a visit to France this year. CHAPTER VII. GEOLOGICAL WORK IN NORTH AMERICA.