Certainly, to labor in this cause is far higher and nobler than to
strive for _repeal of the Tariff_, once the tocsin to rally the
Whigs. REPEAL OF SLAVERY UNDER THE CONSTITUTION AND LAWS OF THE
NATIONAL GOVERNMENT is a watchword more Christian and more potent,
because it embodies a higher sentiment and a more commanding duty.
The time has passed when this can be opposed on constitutional
grounds. It will not be questioned by any competent authority, that
Congress may, by express legislation, abolish slavery: first, in
the District of Columbia; secondly, in the Territories, if there
should be any; thirdly, that it may abolish the slave-trade on the
high seas between the States; fourthly, that it may refuse to admit
new States with a constitution sanctioning slavery. Nor can it be
questioned that the people of the United States may, in the manner
pointed out by the Constitution, proceed to its amendment. It is,
then, by constitutional legislation, and even by amendment of the
Constitution, that slavery may be reached.
Here the question arises, Is there any _compromise_ in the
Constitution of such a character as to prevent action? This word
is invoked by many honest minds as the excuse for not joining in
this cause. Let me meet this question frankly and fairly. The
Constitution, it is said, was the result of compromise between the
Free States and the Slave States, which good faith will not allow
us to break. To this it may be replied, that the Slave States, by
their many violations of the Constitution, have already overturned
all the original compromises, if any there were of perpetual
character. But I do not content myself with this answer. I wish
to say, distinctly, that there is no compromise on slavery not to
be reached _legally and constitutionally_, which is the only way
in which I propose to reach it. Wherever powers and jurisdiction
are secured to Congress, they may unquestionably be exercised in
conformity with the Constitution; even in matters beyond existing
powers and jurisdiction there is a constitutional method of action.
The Constitution contains an article pointing out how, at any time,
amendments may be made. This is an important element, giving to
the Constitution a _progressive_ character, and allowing it to be
moulded according to new exigencies and conditions of feeling.
The wise framers of this instrument did not treat the country as a
Chinese foot,--never to grow after its infancy,--but anticipated
the changes incident to its advance. "_Provided_, that no amendment
which may be made prior to the year one thousand eight hundred
and eight shall in any manner affect the first and fourth clauses
in the ninth section of the first article, and that no State,
without its consent, shall be deprived of its equal suffrage in the
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