Charles Sumner: his complete works, volume 06 (of 20)Sumner, Charles
History
Charles Sumner: his complete works, volume 06 (of 20)
Sumner, Charles
Slavery -- United States; Speeches, addresses, etc., American
Looking at details, we find the same disproportions. Arkansas and
Michigan, nearly equal in territory, were organized as States by
simultaneous Acts of Congress; and yet in 1855 the whole valuation
of Arkansas, including its asserted property in human flesh, was
only $64,240,726, while that of Michigan, without a single slave,
was $116,593,580. The whole accumulated valuation of all the Slave
States, deducting the asserted property in human flesh, in 1850, was
only $1,655,945,137; but the valuation of New York alone, in 1855,
reached the nearly equal sum of $1,401,285,279. The valuation of
Virginia, South Carolina, Georgia, Florida, and Texas, all together,
in 1850, deducting human flesh, was $559,224,920, or simply $1.96
per acre,--being less than that of Massachusetts alone, which was
$573,342,286, or $114.85 per acre.
The Slave States boast of _agriculture_; but here again,
notwithstanding superior natural advantages, they must yield to the
Free States at every point,--in the number of farms and plantations,
in the number of acres improved, in the cash value of farms, in the
average value per acre, and in the value of farming implements and
machinery. Here is a short table.
Free States. Slave States.
Number of farms, 873,608 569,201
Acres of improved land, 57,720,494 54,970,327
Cash value of farms, $2,147,218,478 $1,117,649,649
Average value per acre, $19.17 $6.18
Value of farming implements $85,840,141 $65,345,625
Such is the mighty contrast. But it does not stop here. Careful tables
place the agricultural products of the Free States, for the year ending
June, 1850, at $888,634,334, while those of the Slave States were
$631,277,417; the product per acre in the Free States at $7.94, and the
product per acre in the Slave States at $3.49; the average product of
each agriculturist in the Free States at $342, and in the Slave States
at $171. Thus the Free States, with a smaller population engaged in
agriculture than the Slave States, and with smaller territory, show an
annual sum total of agricultural products surpassing those of the Slave
States by two hundred and twenty-seven millions of dollars, while twice
as much is produced by each agriculturist, and more than twice as much
is produced on an acre. The monopoly of cotton, rice, and cane-sugar,
with a climate granting two and sometimes three crops in the year, is
thus impotent in competition with Freedom.
In _manufactures, mining, and the mechanic arts_ the failure of the
Slave States is greater still. It appears at all points,--in the
capital employed, in the value of the raw material, in the annual
wages, and in the annual product. A short table will show the contrast.
Free States. Slave States.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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