Charles Sumner: his complete works, volume 13 (of 20)Sumner, Charles
History
Charles Sumner: his complete works, volume 13 (of 20)
Sumner, Charles
Slavery -- United States; Speeches, addresses, etc., American
“The privilege of importing them was unreasonable; and it
was inconsistent with the principles of the Revolution, and
dishonorable to the American character, to have such a feature
in the Constitution.”[151]
Afterwards, in his address to the Legislature of Maryland, he announced
that both in the Committee and in the Convention he was influenced by
the argument,--
“that Slavery is inconsistent with _the genius of
republicanism_, and has a tendency to destroy those principles
on which it is supported, _as it lessens the sense of the
Equal Rights of mankind_, and habituates us to tyranny and
oppression.”[152]
Thus was a “sense of the Equal Rights of mankind” one of the principles
on which Republicanism rested.
And here is one more word from Virginia: it is Colonel Mason, who
always spoke with so much point:--
“The true idea, in his opinion, was, that _every man_, having
evidence of attachment to and permanent common interest
with the society, ought to share in all its rights and
privileges.”[153]
Again we have a plain recognition of the Revolutionary idea.
* * * * *
Here, also, is another authority. I quote a Virginia writer on
Government,--John Taylor, of Caroline:--
“The end of the guaranty is ‘a republican form of government.’
The meaning of this expression is not so unsettled here as
in other countries, because we agree in one descriptive
character as essential to the existence of a republican
form of government. _This is representation. We do not
admit a government to be even in its origin republican,
unless it is instituted by representation_; nor do we allow
it to be so, unless its legislation is also founded upon
representation.”[154]
I close this array, illustrative of opinion, with the words of Daniel
Webster, in harmony with the rest:--
“Now, fellow-citizens, I will venture to state, in a few
words, what I take these American political principles in
substance to be. They consist, as I think, in the first place,
in the establishment of popular governments on the basis of
representation.… _This representation is to be made as equal as
circumstances will allow._”[155]
Then again, on another occasion, he said:--
“This is the true idea of a State. It is an organized
government, representing _the collected will of the people_, as
far as they see fit to invest that government with power.”[156]
Thus, at every stage, from the opening, when Otis announced the master
principle, “Taxation without representation is Tyranny,” all along to
Daniel Webster, we find “Representation” an essential element in the
American definition of republican government.
* * * * *
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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