"_Truewit._ A wise lady will keep guard always upon the place, that she may do things securely. I once followed a rude fellow into a chamber, where the poor madam, for haste, and troubled, snatched at her peruke to cover her baldness, and put it on the wrong way. "_Clerimont._ O prodigy! "_Truewit._ And the unconscionable knave held her in compliment an hour with that reversed face, when I still looked when she should talk from the other side. "_Clerimont._ Why, thou shouldst have relieved her. "_Truewit._ No, faith, I let her alone, as we'll let this argument, if you please, and pass to another." BEN JONSON, _The Silent Woman_, Act I. sc. 1. [Illustration: COMB (ITALIAN, FOURTEENTH CENTURY).] IX THE DRESSING OF THE HAIR, MOUSTACHIOS, AND BEARD There was nothing new, even in the days of Solomon; wigs, curling irons, hair powder, and turned-up moustachios being no exception to the rule. We have abundant evidence, both from the concurring testimony of authors and from the actual works which have come down to us, that heated irons were employed from a very early period for the purpose of curling the hair and beard. Both with the Assyrians, and the Greeks of the earlier period, the hair and beard were plaited in a series of symmetrical curls and ringlets, displaying the utmost degree of formality in their arrangement. [Illustration: ASSYRIAN BAS-RELIEF. _Layard's "Nineveh."_] The hair and beard of Belshazzar when he "made a great feast to a thousand of his lords," and received an intimation of an unpleasant character, conveyed to him in an unusual manner, were certainly curled in such wise, and probably dyed and powdered, as was the custom, the powder, however, being gold instead of flour, as in more recent days. As a matter of fact, gold was employed in various ways as an enrichment to the hair. The Kings of Egypt had their beards interwoven with gold thread. Herodotus assures us that the skulls of the Egyptians were much harder than those of the Persians, owing to the national custom of shaving the heads of their children at a very early age. He adds, "In other countries the priests of the gods wear long hair; in Egypt they have it shaved. With other men it is customary in mourning for the nearest relations to have their heads shorn; the Egyptians, on occasions of death, let the hair grow both on the head and face, though till then they used to shave." The ceremonies and customs relating to the beard are innumerable. The management of the beard formed a considerable part of the religion of the Tartars, who waged a long and bloody war with the Persians, declaring them infidels, though in other respects of the same faith as themselves, because they refused to cast their whiskers after the mode or rite of the Tartars. [Illustration: BEARDED BACCHUS. _Hope's "Costume of the Ancients."_]