The rush-bottom chair covers a wide area. It comes with an air of _naïveté_ and rustic simplicity. One recalls the long lines of green rushes by the river-bank and the rush-gatherers in idyllic placidity slowly trimming the banks, disturbing coot and moorhen with their punt, and adding another human touch to the lonely angler. They are pursuing a calling as old as the river itself, and the use of rush for floor, for lighting, or for seating furniture, found occupation for generations of men plying curious trades, of which the plaiting of osiers into baskets and the thatching of cottage roofs may be numbered among the decaying industries. Indeed, this latter art and the making of birch and heath brooms may be almost said to be extinct. A good artisan who can thatch in the old artistic style is much sought after. Of course ricks have still to be thatched, but the picturesque skill of masters of this old-world craft is absent, and corrugated iron sheets have found favour in lieu of the old style. The ladder-back chair is, as its name denotes, decorated with horizontal supports, ladder fashion. These are capable of the most pleasing variation. The perfection of form of this type is seen in the arm-chair illustrated p. 237. The well-balanced proportion of the ladder rails is a test as to the excellence of the design. They are not meaningless ornaments put in place, unthinkingly, to create a new style. The two examples illustrated on page 235 show other types of the ladder-back chair. The left-hand one shows the later stages in the development of the design, and its top rail is of the Sheraton period. The right-hand one, with arms, is composite in its character, and is in date about 1820, and exhibits a touch of the Sheraton slenderness of style in the splats and the round turning of arms. Both examples show the quaint survival of the Queen Anne foot. The ladder-back form survived the eighteenth century and lasted down to within fifty years ago, when it became merged into that of the Windsor chair. [Illustration: LADDER-BACK TYPE OF CHAIR. Showing Empire influence in curved back. Dated 1820-1830.] [Illustration: SPINDLE-BACK NURSING CHAIR WITH ROCKER. Three rows of spindles.] [Illustration: SPINDLE-BACK CHAIR. Two rows of spindles.] [Illustration: LADDER-BACK CHAIRS WITH RUSH SEAT. Both chairs showing quaint survival of the Queen Anne feet. Late Eighteenth Century, with top rail in Sheraton style. Later form of splat with turned ends. Dated 1820.] [Illustration: COUNTRY BARBER'S CHAIR.] [Illustration: LADDER-BACK CHAIR. Perfect specimen in regard to style.] [Illustration: OAK CORNER CHAIR.] [Illustration: LADDER-BACK FORM OF CORNER CHAIR WITH RUSH SEAT. Probably Lancashire. (_By the courtesy of Messrs. Phillips, Hitchin._)]