II. _Watches from about 1540 to 1640_, all having fusees, and being made of every conceivable shape and size: octagonal, oval, cruciform, in the shape of a book, and so on. The cases were sometimes of crystal or bloodstone, and enamelled designs and chased gold work were predominant features. III. _Watches of the seventeenth century_, from 1610 to 1675, at which date the pendulum spring was invented. These are mainly round in shape, according to the fashion about 1620, which superseded the ancient quaint forms. The cases, both of silver and gold, were richly enamelled, and moving calendars and astronomical details were frequently made. IV. _Late seventeenth and early eighteenth century watches._ These would embrace the period from 1675 to 1720, after the invention of the pendulum spring. V. _The eighteenth century watch._ This should include all the improvements, changes in decorative style, and other details bringing the watch up to the threshold of the nineteenth century and modernity. We can only indicate the type of watch as falling under the various periods, and specimens of the leading types are illustrated (pp. 283, 287). The watches are numbered in the illustrations from one to ten, and can thus be easily identified by the reader. [Illustration: OLD ENGLISH WATCHES. EIGHTEENTH CENTURY. VI. Watch with black piqué case. Maker, Peter Garon (about 1705). VII. Early Georgian Watch with dark enamel dial. Maker, Duhamel. 1740. VIII. Watch with repoussé work on case signed V. Haut. Maker, Haydon. 1731. IX. Watch. Maker, Daniels of Leighton. About 1760. X. Late Georgian Watch with dial and decorations in Battersea enamel and shagreen case. (_By courtesy of Percy Webster, Esq._)] _No. 1_ shows the character of an Elizabethan watch. The fine case shows the quality of the chased and repoussé open-work design. _No. 2_ is a James I oval watch, and the maker is Yate, of London. This watch is dated 1620, in the reign of James I, the year when the _Mayflower_ sailed to America and New England was founded by those wise Puritans who foresaw the oncoming civil war of the next reign. The Earl of Ashburnham exhibited at the Stuart Exhibition in 1889 a gold watch which formerly belonged to Charles I, inscribed "Henricus Jones, Londini." Another maker of watches of this period is Edward East. The silver alarum clock given by Charles I on his way to execution to Thomas Herbert was made by Edward East. "Through the garden the King passed into the park, where making a stand, he asked Mr. Herbert the hour of the day: and taking the clock into his hand, gave it him, and bade him keep it in memory of him." This silver alarum watch is still treasured in the Mitford family.