~A~ +a+ 1756 a +a+ 1776 A +a+ 1796 a +a+ 1816 ~B~ +b+ 1757 b +b+ 1777 B +b+ 1797 b +b+ 1817 ~C~ +c+ 1758 c +c+ 1778 C +c+ 1798 c +c+ 1818 ~D~ +d+ 1759 d +d+ 1779 D +d+ 1799 d +d+ 1819 ~E~ +e+ 1760 e +e+ 1780 E +e+ 1800 e +e+ 1820 ~F~ +f+ 1761 f +f+ 1781 F +f+ 1801 f +f+ 1821 ~G~ +g+ 1762 g +g+ 1782 G +g+ 1802 g +g+ 1822 ~H~ +h+ 1763 h +h+ 1783 H +h+ 1803 h +h+ 1823 ~I~ +i+ 1764 i +i+ 1784 I +i+ 1804 i +i+ 1824 ~K~ +k+ 1765 k +k+ 1785 K +k+ 1805 k +k+ 1825 ~L~ +l+ 1766 l +l+ 1786 L +l+ 1806 l +l+ 1826 ~M~ +m+ 1767 m +m+ 1787 M +m+ 1807 m +m+ 1827 ~N~ +n+ 1768 n +n+ 1788 N +n+ 1808 n +n+ 1828 ~O~ +o+ 1769 o +o+ 1789 O +o+ 1809 o +o+ 1829 ~P~ +p+ 1770 p +p+ 1790 P +p+ 1810 p +p+ 1830 ~Q~ +q+ 1771 q +q+ 1791 Q +q+ 1811 q +q+ 1831 ~R~ +r+ 1772 r +r+ 1792 R +r+ 1812 r +r+ 1832 ~S~ +s+ 1773 s +s+ 1793 S +s+ 1813 s +s+ 1833 ~T~ +t+ 1774 t +t+ 1794 T +t+ 1814 t +t+ 1834 ~U~ +v+ 1775 u +v+ 1795 U +v+ 1815 u +v+ 1835 The shape of the shields used is shown in Table II. II TABLE SHOWING DIFFERENCES IN SHIELDS IN LONDON HALL-MARKS, STANDARD MARKS, AND DATE MARKS FROM QUEEN ELIZABETH TO GEORGE V. [Illustration] III EXAMPLES SHOWING TYPES OF MARKS[7] Found on Authentic Specimens Of Old Silver Assayed in London From the Reign of Elizabeth To the Present Day III LONDON MARKS [Illustration: ~A~ to ~V~] 1558 to 1577 (Twenty letters are used, omitting J.) The earlier letters of this alphabet were impressed with a stamp following the outline of the shape of the letter. Later a shield was used. The type of this date letter is Black Letter Small. Similar type was used from 1678 to 1696, and the shields are the same shape. This type was again used in the reign of Victoria from 1856 to 1875, but the shield is different. [Illustration: ~A~ to ~V~] 1578 to 1597 (Twenty letters are used, omitting J; and the U is of the same form as the V, which was followed in succeeding alphabets till the year 1735.) Roman Capital Letters are used at this period. The lion and leopard’s head are in a stamp following the outline, a practice which continued till 1678. From 1716 to 1735, in the reign of George I, a similar alphabet was used with shields of the same shape; but the first four years have the figure of Britannia and lion’s head erased, the Higher Standard Mark. In 1720 the lion and leopard’s head with a new shape of shield clearly indicate the difference. [Illustration: A to V] 1598 to 1617 Lombardic Capitals are used in this alphabet. The peculiarities in this series are the letter A with its crossbar (1598), the letter C (1600), which is a D reversed, and the letter G (1604). [Illustration: ~_a_~ to ~_v_~] 1618 to 1637