Enough has been said in the preceding pages to support the opinion that
among the wants which fell to the lot of Chaucer as a poet, perhaps the
greatest (though Sidney would never have allowed this), was the want of
poetic form most in harmony with his most characteristic gifts. The
influence of Chaucer upon the dramatists of the Elizabethan age was
probably rather indirect and general than direct and personal; but
indications or illustrations of it may be traced in a considerable
number of these writers, including perhaps among the earliest Richard
Edwards as the author of a non-extant tragedy, "Palamon and Arcite,"
and among the latest the author--or authors--of "The Two Noble
Kinsmen." Besides Fletcher and Shakspere, Greene, Nash and Middleton,
and more especially Jonson (as both poet and grammarian), were
acquainted with Chaucer's writings; so that it is perhaps rather a
proof of the widespread popularity of the "Canterbury Tales" than the
reverse, that they were not largely resorted to for materials by the
Elizabethan and Jacobean dramatists. Under Charles I "Troilus and
Cressid" found a translator in Sir Francis Kynaston, whom Cartwright
congratulated on having made it possible "that we read Chaucer now
without a dictionary." A personage however, in Cartwright's best known
play, the Antiquary Moth, prefers to talk on his own account "genuine"
Chaucerian English.
To pursue the further traces of the influence of Chaucer through such a
literary aftergrowth as the younger Fletchers, into the early poems of
Milton, would be beyond the purpose of the present essay. In the
treasure-house of that great poet's mind were gathered memories and
associations innumerable, though the sublimest flights of his genius
soared aloft into regions whither the imagination of none of our
earlier poets had preceded them. On the other hand, the days have
passed for attention to be spared for the treatment experienced by
Chaucer in the Augustan Age, to which he was a barbarian only to be
tolerated if put into the court-dress of the final period of
civilisation. Still, even thus, he was not left altogether unread; nor
was he in all cases adapted without a certain measure of success. The
irrepressible vigour, and the frequent felicity, of Dryden's "Fables"
contrast advantageously with the tame evenness of the "Temple of Fame,"
an early effort by Pope, who had wit enough to imitate in a juvenile
parody some of the grossest peculiarities of Chaucer's manner, but who
would have been quite ashamed to reproduce him in a serious literary
performance, without the inevitable polish and cadence of his own style
of verse. Later modernisations--even of those which a band of poets in
some instances singularly qualified for the task put forth in a
collection published in the year 1841, and which, on the part of some
of them at least, was the result of conscientious endeavour--it is
needless to characterise here. Slight incidental use has been made of
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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