2460. _groyning_, murmuring, discontent; from F. _grogner_. See Rom. Rose, 7049; Troil. i. 349. 2462. 'Terribilia mala operatur Leo cum malis; auget enim eorum malitiam.'--Hermetis Aphorismorum Liber, § 66. 2469. 'Er fyue [gh]er ben folfult, such famyn schal aryse, þorw flodes and foul weder, fruites schul fayle, And so seiþ Saturne, and sent vs to warne.' P. Plowman, A. vii. 309 (B. vi. 325; C. ix. 347). 2491-525. Cf. the Teseide, vii. 95-99. 2504. _Gigginge_, fitting or providing (the shield) with straps. Godefroy gives O. F. _guige_, _guigue_, a strap for hanging a buckler over the shoulder, a handle of a shield. Cotgrave gives the fem. pl. _guiges_, 'the handles of a target or shield.' In Mrs. Palliser's Historic Devices, p. 277, she describes a monument in St. Edmund's chapel, in Westminster Abbey, on which are three shields, each with 'the _guige_ or belt of Bourchier knots formed of straps.' In the M. E. word _gigginge_, both the _g_'s are hard, as in _gig_ (in the sense of a two-wheeled vehicle). _Layneres lacinge_, lacing of thongs; see Prompt. Parv., s. v. _Lanere_. In Sir Bevis, ed. Kölbing, p. 134, we find-- 'Sir Beues was ful glad, iwis, Hese _laynerys_ [printed _layuerys_] he took anon, And fastenyd hys hawberk hym upon.' 2507. Shakespeare seems to have observed this passage; cf. Hen. V. Act 4. prol. 12. 2511. Cf. House of Fame, 1239, 1240:-- 'Of hem that maken blody soun In trumpe, beme, and clarioun.' Also Tes. viii. 5:--'D'armi, di corni, nacchere e trombette.' 'The _Nakkárah_ or _Naqárah_ was a great kettle-drum, formed like a brazen cauldron, tapering to the bottom, and covered with buffalo-hide, often 3½ or 4 feet in diameter.... The crusades naturalised the word in some form or other in most European languages, but in our own apparently with a transfer of meaning. Wright defines _naker_ as "a cornet or horn of brass," and Chaucer's use seems to countenance this.'--Marco [89] Polo, ed. Yule, i. 303-4; where more is added. But Wright's explanation is a mere guess, and should be rejected. There is no reason for assigning to the word _naker_ any other sense than 'kettle-drum.' Minot (Songs, iv. 80) is explicit:-- 'The princes, that war riche on raw, Gert _nakers_ strike, and trumpes blaw.' Hence a _naker_ had to be struck, not blown. See also _Naker_ in Halliwell's Dictionary. Boccaccio has the pl. _nacchere_; see above. 2520. _Sparth_, battle-axe; Icel. _sparða_. See Rom. Rose, 5978; Wars of Alexander, ed. Skeat, 1403, 2458; Gawain and Grene Knight, 209; Prompt. Parv. In Trevisa's tr. of Higden, bk. i. ch. 33, we are told that the Norwegians first brought sparths into Ireland. Higden has 'usum securium, qui Anglicè _sparth_ dicitur.'